本文選題：魚木寨　切入點(diǎn)：古民居　出處：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：魚木寨,地處湖北省恩施州利川市之西北邊陲大興鄉(xiāng),系一座土家族古寨。隨著文物工作的開展和不可移動(dòng)文物的普查,該地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量有價(jià)值的土家族民風(fēng)民采。魚木寨是國(guó)內(nèi)保留最為完好的土家寨堡,這里有豐富的自然資源、生活建筑、軍事建筑、墓葬建筑,有獨(dú)特的民風(fēng)民俗,以及工藝精湛的墓碑石刻和驚險(xiǎn)奇特的古棧道。其中當(dāng)?shù)氐墓琶窬印⒐拍乖岣枪に嚲?吸引眾多學(xué)者對(duì)此進(jìn)行研究,它是當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)力發(fā)展水平和民族生存狀況的真實(shí)體現(xiàn)。魚木寨研究不僅對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜谓?jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有著巨大的作用,也對(duì)利川地區(qū)文化遺產(chǎn)研究保護(hù)有著重要意義�？v觀以往的研究,對(duì)魚木寨古民居、古墓葬等方面還沒有很系統(tǒng)地進(jìn)行探索,學(xué)者們較多的關(guān)注單個(gè)古民居建筑或單個(gè)古墓葬的研究,缺乏從整體布局等方面考量古民居和古墓葬的相對(duì)關(guān)系。魚木寨古民居年代為清至民國(guó),古墓葬年代始于明末,多建成于清同治、光緒年間。魚木寨地區(qū)對(duì)于其古民居古墓葬文物點(diǎn)年代方面的分析研究較少,沒有形成具體的年代體系。筆者擬通過實(shí)地調(diào)查魚木寨當(dāng)?shù)氐墓琶窬�、古墓葬建�?統(tǒng)計(jì)分析文物點(diǎn)的具體年代,了解魚木寨古民居墓葬的歷史發(fā)展變遷特點(diǎn),把握其發(fā)展規(guī)律,探討其發(fā)展演變與當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)歷史文化發(fā)展的聯(lián)系。本文通過對(duì)魚木寨古民居、古墓葬的整體研究,其研究結(jié)論主要有:第一,魚木寨當(dāng)?shù)氐墓琶窬优c古墓葬建筑都保存著較好的文化藝術(shù)風(fēng)格,既保存了當(dāng)?shù)氐奶厣?也有明顯的外來特征,展示了文化的交融。第二,古民居傳承發(fā)展規(guī)律:整體來說魚木寨民居從空間分布上來說,分布較分散,從縱向發(fā)展來看,古民居從清代到民國(guó)時(shí)期,古民居沒有明顯的變化趨勢(shì),在橫向和縱向發(fā)展中共同構(gòu)成了魚木寨古民居的整體特色。第三,古墓葬傳承發(fā)展規(guī)律:古墓葬的發(fā)展變化規(guī)律主要體現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)和裝飾上。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說,古墓葬在清代到民國(guó)的發(fā)展演變中,從清代中期結(jié)構(gòu)較為簡(jiǎn)單,到清代晚期為魚木寨古墓葬發(fā)展的高峰期,發(fā)展變化依次為庭院復(fù)合式結(jié)構(gòu)----碑前樓閣復(fù)合式結(jié)構(gòu)——牌坊復(fù)合式結(jié)構(gòu)——抱鼓式墓碑結(jié)構(gòu)——單體圣牌式墓碑結(jié)構(gòu),但是到民國(guó)時(shí)期,墓碑又變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單的單體式墓碑結(jié)構(gòu);從裝飾上來說,裝飾圖案有變化規(guī)律可循,清代墓葬圖案豐富多樣,精美繁復(fù),如有動(dòng)物紋飾、花草紋、幾何紋、人物形象圖、“�！弊�、“壽”字、萬字紋等,但是到了民國(guó)古墓葬的裝飾明顯簡(jiǎn)潔。第四,對(duì)于魚木寨古民居古墓葬的保護(hù)與利用,要站在長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益的角度上,注重魚木寨當(dāng)?shù)匚幕坝^與自然景觀相結(jié)合的發(fā)展理念,實(shí)現(xiàn)魚木寨的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Yumu Zhai, located in the northwest of Lichuan City, Enshi City, Hubei Province, is located in Daxing Township, a Tujia ancient village.With the development of cultural relic work and the survey of immovable cultural relics, a large number of valuable Tujia folk customs were discovered in this area.Yu Muzhai is the most well-preserved Tujia walled castle in China. It has abundant natural resources, living buildings, military buildings, grave buildings, unique folk customs, exquisite tombstone inscriptions and strange ancient trestle roads.Among them, the local ancient houses, ancient tombs are exquisite craftsmanship, attract many scholars to study this, it is the development level of local productivity and the real embodiment of the national survival.The study of Yumu Zhai not only plays a great role in the development of local tourism economy, but also plays an important role in the research and protection of cultural heritage in Lichuan area.Throughout the past studies, there has been no systematic exploration of the ancient houses and tombs in Yumuzhai, and scholars have paid more attention to the study of individual houses or tombs.The relative relationship between ancient houses and ancient tombs is not considered from the whole layout and so on.Yumuzhai ancient residence for the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, the ancient tomb dating from the late Ming Dynasty, built in the Qing Tongzhi, Guang Xu years.In Yumuzhai area, there is little analysis and research on the ages of ancient houses and ancient tombs, and no specific age system has been formed.The author intends to investigate the local ancient houses, ancient tombs and the specific ages of cultural relic sites, understand the historical development and vicissitude characteristics of the ancient houses, and grasp the law of their development.The relationship between its development and the development of local society, history and culture is discussed.The main conclusions of this study are as follows: first, the local ancient houses and tombs of Yumuzhai have better cultural and artistic style, which preserves the local characteristics.There are also obvious foreign characteristics, showing the blend of cultures.Second, the law of the inheritance and development of the ancient folk houses: on the whole, the distribution of the Yumuzhai folk houses is scattered from the spatial distribution, from the vertical development, from the Qing Dynasty to the period of the Republic of China, there is no obvious change trend of the ancient houses.In the horizontal and vertical development of the Yumuzhai ancient folk houses constitute the overall characteristics.Third, the law of the inheritance and development of ancient tombs: the development and changes of ancient tombs are mainly reflected in the structure and decoration.In terms of structure, ancient tombs evolved from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. From the middle stage of the Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, it was the peak period of the development of Yumuzhai ancient tombs.The order of development and change is the compound structure of courtyard, the compound structure of the pavilion in front of the monument, the compound structure of the archway, the structure of the tombstone with drum, the structure of the single holy card, but in the period of the Republic of China,The tombstone has become a simple monolithic tombstone structure; in terms of decoration, the decorative patterns can be followed, and the tomb patterns of the Qing Dynasty are rich and varied, exquisite and complicated, such as animal ornaments, flowers and plants, geometric patterns, figures and figures, and the word "Fu"."Shou" characters, ten-thousand characters, but to the ancient tombs of the Republic of China, the decoration is clear and concise.Fourth, for the protection and utilization of the ancient tombs of Yumuzhai ancient houses, we should pay attention to the development concept of combining the local cultural landscape and the natural landscape to realize the sustainable development of the Yumuzhai from the perspective of long-term interests.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K878

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