本文選題：鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席　切入點：工作困境　出處：《安徽大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席在我國基層人大中處于主心骨的位置,是人民群眾與基層人大代表相連接的紐帶和橋梁。雖然近幾年國家通過法律和政策法規(guī)對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席建設(shè)予以肯定和強化,但是在現(xiàn)實的運作中,人大主席并沒有展現(xiàn)出憲法法律所賦予其應(yīng)當發(fā)揮的作用,在一些方面甚至存在著邊緣化的問題,沒能達到制度設(shè)定的理想預(yù)期。本文以困境化問題視角調(diào)查分析安徽省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席為研究切入點,采用問卷調(diào)查法、實地訪談法、統(tǒng)計分析等研究方法,結(jié)合省內(nèi)外各地區(qū)的實際經(jīng)驗和相關(guān)學者的研究成果,從實踐和理論的雙重角度對安徽省乃至全國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席如何避免邊緣化、隨意化和虛置化問題,更好的走出困境以發(fā)揮作用,提出了相關(guān)法律治理建議,并進行了一些學術(shù)構(gòu)想和探討。本文由引言、正文和結(jié)語三大結(jié)構(gòu)組成。在引言中對參考文獻和相關(guān)學者觀點進行了研究綜述,提出了撰寫此文的目的與意義,闡述了全文創(chuàng)作的基本思路并說明了研究方法,簡單概括了安徽省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的基本情況。文章中心共分為四部分。第一部分以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層人大及人大主席的歷史發(fā)展變遷為著手點,對安徽省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的發(fā)展歷程、憲法地位、職權(quán)與行使程序進行全方位概述,經(jīng)過分析對比總結(jié)出鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的角色定位。然后從地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等方面出發(fā),分別選取并介紹安徽省三個有代表性的縣區(qū),對該縣區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的民眾、官員干部及人大主席進行調(diào)查問卷,進行鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大的比較分析,來概括安徽省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的大致情況。第二部分圍繞安徽省鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的具體案例,以前一部分所介紹的三個縣區(qū)的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大及鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席相關(guān)情況的調(diào)查問卷來進行資料匯總分析,分別從鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席角色定位的邊緣化、認職標準的隨意化與代表屬性的虛置化三個方面,具體闡明鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的工作困境問題,并對照現(xiàn)實案例,引發(fā)思考。第三部分主要分析論證鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席工作困境問題治理的必要性與可行性,具體包括三點:首先,符合憲法基本原則;其次,利于鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)民主政治發(fā)展;最后,試點地區(qū)提供可行經(jīng)驗。第四部分則根據(jù)前幾部分的分析闡述,對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席工作困境進行治理之法律再定位,主要從頂層設(shè)計和自身建設(shè)兩方面對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的合理建構(gòu)模式提出設(shè)想,對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的相關(guān)制度提出完善建議。具體包括:法律法規(guī)修訂、權(quán)力地位確認、職能方式轉(zhuǎn)變、財政政策支持以及明確選任標準、創(chuàng)新表達機制、提升綜合水平和加強社會宣傳幾個方面。最后是結(jié)語部分,按照馬克思主義對于建設(shè)新型的國家人民代議機構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)想,我國基層人大制度建設(shè)還有很長的路要繼續(xù)前行,改革和完善鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席也需要引起更多人的重視。對鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人大主席的相關(guān)法律治理只是我國漫長憲政史上的一步。
[Abstract]:The chairman of the township people's Congress is in the main position of the grassroots people's congresses in our country. It is a link and bridge between the people's masses and the people's congresses at the grassroots level. Although the state has affirmed and strengthened the construction of the chairman of the township people's Congress through laws and policies and regulations in recent years, in the actual operation, The chairman of the National people's Congress has not shown the role that the Constitution and the law should play, and in some respects there is even a problem of marginalization. This paper investigates and analyzes the chairman of the township people's Congress in Anhui Province from the angle of dilemma, and adopts the methods of questionnaire survey, field interview, statistical analysis, and so on. Based on the practical experience of various regions in and outside the province and the research results of relevant scholars, from the perspective of practice and theory, this paper discusses how the chairmen of Anhui Province and even the National Township people's Congress can avoid marginalization, be arbitrary and fictitious. Better out of the dilemma in order to play a role, put forward the relevant legal governance proposals, and carried out some academic ideas and discussions. In the introduction, the author summarizes the references and related scholars' viewpoints, puts forward the purpose and significance of writing this article, expounds the basic ideas of the full text creation, and explains the research methods. This paper briefly summarizes the basic situation of the chairman of the township people's Congress in Anhui Province. The article center is divided into four parts. The first part begins with the historical development and changes of the township people's Congress and the chairman of the people's Congress. The development course, constitutional status, authority and exercise procedure of the township people's Congress and the chairman of the township people's Congress in Anhui Province are summarized in an all-round way. The role of the chairman of the township people's Congress is summed up through analysis and comparison. Then, from the political and economic aspects of the region, Starting from culture and other aspects, this paper selects and introduces the three representative counties and districts of Anhui Province, carries out a questionnaire to the people, officials and cadres and the chairman of the people's Congress of this county and township, and carries out a comparative analysis of the township people's congresses. To summarize the general situation of the chairman of the township people's Congress in Anhui Province. The second part revolves around the specific case of the chairman of the township people's Congress of Anhui Province. The questionnaire on the situation of township people's congresses and their chairmen in the three counties and regions introduced in the previous part was used to collect and analyze the data and analyze the marginalization of the role of the chairman of the township people's congresses from the perspective of the role of the chairman of the township people's congresses. In this paper, the author clarifies the plight of the chairman of the township people's Congress from the three aspects of the arbitrariness of the standard and the fictitious nature of the representative, and compares the practical cases with the difficult position of the chairman. The third part mainly analyzes the necessity and feasibility of managing the plight of the chairman of the township people's Congress, including three specific points: first, it conforms to the basic principles of the Constitution; secondly, it is conducive to the development of democratic politics in villages and towns; finally, it is conducive to the development of democratic politics in villages and towns. In the fourth part, according to the analysis and elaboration in the previous parts, the legal position of managing the plight of the chairman of the township people's Congress is redefined. Mainly from two aspects of top-level design and self-construction, this paper proposes a reasonable construction model for the chairman of the township people's Congress, and puts forward some suggestions for the perfection of the relevant system of the chairman of the township people's Congress. The specific proposals include: revision of laws and regulations, confirmation of power status, Functional changes, fiscal policy support, clear criteria for selection, innovative mechanisms of expression, raising the level of integration and strengthening social propaganda. Finally, the concluding remarks. In accordance with the basic concept of Marxism for building a new type of national people's representative organization, there is still a long way to go in the construction of the grass-roots people's Congress system in our country. The reform and perfection of the chairman of the township people's Congress also need to attract more people's attention, and the related legal administration of the chairman of the township people's Congress is only a step in the long history of constitutional government in our country.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D624

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