本文選題：新疆地區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：植被覆蓋度　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：新疆地處歐亞大陸干旱半干旱氣候區(qū),區(qū)域內(nèi)植被數(shù)量稀少,水土流失現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,生態(tài)環(huán)境極其脆弱。荒漠化導(dǎo)致了土地面積銳減、流動(dòng)沙丘不斷增加,土地生產(chǎn)力下降等一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。以2002-2015年為研究時(shí)段,以新疆地區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,以年、季、月為研究尺度,利用52個(gè)氣象站點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)、MODIS NDVI產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)以及野外觀測(cè)資料等,采用均值法、MVC最大值合成法、回歸分析、趨勢(shì)分析、相關(guān)性分析法,揭示了植被覆蓋變化時(shí)空特征及分布規(guī)律;在考慮多因子的基礎(chǔ)上采取逐步綜合的方法模擬降水量、氣溫的空間分布信息,剖析其時(shí)間序列變化趨勢(shì);從時(shí)空相關(guān)性的角度,運(yùn)用空間計(jì)量分析和模型分析植被與氣象因子的關(guān)系,并解釋新疆地區(qū)植被覆蓋變化的原因。結(jié)果表明:(1)新疆地區(qū)植被覆蓋的空間分布規(guī)律為NDVI由西南向東北逐漸增加,與該區(qū)降水量分布相同;其中,裸土區(qū)的分布面積最大,稀疏植被區(qū)、較少植被區(qū)、適中植被區(qū)、茂密植被區(qū)、很密植被區(qū)面積依次減少;月尺度變化上,NDVI變化率4-6月2-4月6-8月;季節(jié)變化上,春、夏、秋季平均NDVI的線性趨勢(shì)均為正值,春季平均NDVI最低,其次為秋季,夏季植被覆蓋度最大;年際變化上,2002-2015年間,NDVI總體為上升趨勢(shì),2005-2009年間NDVI明顯下降,2009年NDVI達(dá)到最低。(2)新疆年最大NDVI 14年間的變化趨勢(shì)上,大部分地區(qū)植被覆蓋均有增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì),NDVI趨勢(shì)率在-0.077-0.076之間,趨勢(shì)不變的范圍(-0.01Slope0.01)占94.99%,NDVI退化的范圍(Slope-0.02)占10.35%,NDVI改善的范圍(Slope0.02)占4.27%。(3)新疆地區(qū)多年平均降水量的地理分布總趨勢(shì)是北多南少,西多東少,從西北向東南遞減,大部分區(qū)域降水稀少(少于200mm),新疆年降水量呈現(xiàn)不明顯減少的趨勢(shì);新疆降水量存在明顯的季節(jié)差異,占全年降水量的比例:夏季春季秋季;新疆地區(qū),降水量最大的月份為6月和7月,其次是8月,5月和9月;新疆地區(qū)多年平均氣溫在-3.5~15.7℃之間,區(qū)域年平均溫度為9.36℃�？偟牡乩矸植继攸c(diǎn)是南高北低,西高東低,由南向北遞減,新疆年平均氣溫呈顯著增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。新疆地區(qū)季節(jié)溫度分配不均勻,夏季氣溫最高,其次為春季和秋季。冬季多年平均氣溫最低,嚴(yán)寒且漫長(zhǎng),平均溫度在-10℃以下。(4)植被年最大NDVI值與年降水量存在較高的正相關(guān)性。從年際尺度上來(lái)看,年降水量變化是導(dǎo)致植被覆蓋度變化的主要因素;年平均溫度與年最大NDVI呈不顯著正相關(guān),表明隨著溫度的升高植被覆蓋度也在升高,但是影響較小。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang is located in the arid and semi-arid climate area of Eurasia, with few vegetation, serious soil erosion and extremely fragile ecological environment. Desertification has resulted in a sharp decrease in land area and an increasing number of mobile sand dunes. A series of ecological and environmental problems, such as the decline of land productivity and so on, were studied in the period of 2002-2015, in Xinjiang region, in terms of year, season and month, and the data of 52 meteorological stations were used to produce MODIS NDVI data. The data of social and economic statistics and field observation were analyzed by means of MVC maximum value combination method, regression analysis, trend analysis and correlation analysis. The temporal and spatial characteristics and distribution law of vegetation cover change were revealed. On the basis of considering multiple factors, the paper adopts a step by step and comprehensive method to simulate the spatial distribution information of precipitation and temperature, and to analyze the trend of time series change; from the point of view of temporal and spatial correlation, The relationship between vegetation and meteorological factors was analyzed by using spatial econometric analysis and model, and the reason of vegetation cover change in Xinjiang was explained. The results showed that the spatial distribution of vegetation cover in Xinjiang increased gradually from southwest to northeast. The distribution of precipitation is the same as that in this area, in which the bare soil area is the largest, the sparse vegetation area, the less vegetation area, the moderate vegetation area, the dense vegetation area, and the very dense vegetation area decrease in turn. The linear trend of average NDVI in spring, summer and autumn was positive, the average NDVI in spring was the lowest in spring, followed by autumn, and the vegetation coverage in summer was the largest. From 2002 to 2015, the overall trend of NDVI was increasing. The NDVI decreased significantly in 2005-2009, and the NDVI reached the lowest in 2009.) in Xinjiang, the trend of annual maximum NDVI in 14 years was increased. The trend rate of vegetation cover in most areas was -0.077-0.076. The extent of NDVI degradation (Slope-0.02) and the range of NDVI improvement (Slope0.02) (4.27.2)) the general trend of the geographical distribution of the annual average precipitation in Xinjiang is that the north is more than the south, the west is less, the west is less, and the precipitation is less from the northwest to the southeast, and the distribution of the annual average precipitation in Xinjiang is smaller than that in the north and south, and less in the west and east, and decreases gradually from the northwest to the southeast. The precipitation in most regions is rare (less than 200mm-1), the annual precipitation in Xinjiang shows no obvious decreasing trend, the precipitation in Xinjiang has obvious seasonal differences, accounting for the proportion of precipitation in the whole year: summer, spring and autumn; Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, Xinjiang, China, The largest precipitation is in June and July, followed by August, May and September. The annual average temperature in Xinjiang is between -3.510 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1679204