本文選題：遙感　切入點(diǎn)：礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境分析　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：露天開采礦石資源對經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)、社會進(jìn)步和人類發(fā)展做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí),也對礦區(qū)和周圍的地質(zhì)環(huán)境造成了一定程度的破壞,產(chǎn)生了嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。掌握采石礦區(qū)的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境狀況及其發(fā)展趨勢,有效的監(jiān)測山體的開挖情況,特別是加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)礦山開采區(qū)的監(jiān)測與管理,對采石集中礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評價(jià)并分級統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,可以為相關(guān)部門采取措施恢復(fù)治理礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境、合理開發(fā)利用礦產(chǎn)資源提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。論文以濟(jì)南市露天采石集中區(qū)(平陰縣、長清區(qū)、市中區(qū)、歷城區(qū)和章丘市部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn))作為研究區(qū),以兩期無人機(jī)傾斜攝影測量技術(shù)獲取的研究區(qū)數(shù)字正射影像為主要解譯數(shù)據(jù)源(2008年,分辨率0.5m;2015年,分辨率0.1m),結(jié)合研究區(qū)礦山開采的相關(guān)資料,對研究區(qū)露天采石集中區(qū)的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行室內(nèi)解譯,結(jié)合礦山實(shí)地勘察驗(yàn)證,完善解譯標(biāo)志,提高解譯精度;對2008年和2015年的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境概況及變化情況、礦山開采集中區(qū)的景觀格局特征進(jìn)行分析;以正方形網(wǎng)格作為評價(jià)單元,科學(xué)、合理的選取評價(jià)指標(biāo),構(gòu)建評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,劃分指標(biāo)等級,采用層次分析法計(jì)算指標(biāo)權(quán)重,借助綜合評判法,基于ArcGIS平臺對采石集中礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評價(jià),將研究區(qū)的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量劃分為四種類型,并對各類型進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。通過上述研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)對2008年和2015年研究區(qū)的礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境解譯分析發(fā)現(xiàn),2008~2015年期間,研究區(qū)露天采石礦場的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,礦山建筑增多,工業(yè)活動加劇;同時(shí)已開采礦山的恢復(fù)治理越來越受到重視,得到復(fù)墾的礦山數(shù)量增加,但礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量仍不斷惡化。(2)本文根據(jù)研究區(qū)的具體情況建立了評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系并進(jìn)行分級,保證了評價(jià)指標(biāo)的全面性、科學(xué)性和客觀性;采用了一種定性與定量相結(jié)合的方法——層次分析法確定指標(biāo)權(quán)重,避免了一定的主觀性;最后基于ArcGIS10.2平臺,運(yùn)用綜合評價(jià)模型對采石礦區(qū)的地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量做出評價(jià),并且評價(jià)結(jié)果符合研究區(qū)的實(shí)際情況。(3)通過對評價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行插值處理,2008~2015年,礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量處于“良好”“較好”的面積由2213.13km~2減少為1944.20km~2,占據(jù)研究區(qū)面積的比例由65.47%,減少為57.52%;礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量處于“較差”的面積由400.54km~2增加為655.97km~2;2015年“較差區(qū)”面積達(dá)到了研究區(qū)面積的19.40%,比2008年增加了7.55%。礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量“良好區(qū)”和“較好區(qū)”面積的減少,“較差區(qū)”面積的增加,表明濟(jì)南市研究區(qū)內(nèi)礦山開采力度加大,礦山地質(zhì)環(huán)境質(zhì)量惡化。
[Abstract]:While open-pit mining of ore resources has made important contributions to economic construction, social progress and human development, it has also caused a certain degree of damage to the mining area and the surrounding geological environment. It has produced serious ecological environmental problems. To master the geological environment and its development trend, to monitor the excavation of mountain bodies effectively, especially to strengthen the monitoring and management of mining areas in key mines. If the quality of geological environment in quarrying concentrated mining areas is evaluated and classified by statistical analysis, the relevant departments may take measures to restore and control the geological environment of mines. Rational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources provide scientific basis. This paper takes open pit quarrying concentrated area (Pingyin County, Changqing District, Shizhong District, Licheng District and some villages and towns in Zhangqiu City) as the research area. The digital orthophoto images of the study area obtained by two phases of UAV tilt photogrammetry technology are used as the main interpretation data sources (in 2008, resolution 0.5 m; in 2015, 0.1 mm resolution; combined with the relevant data of mining in the study area, The indoor interpretation of mine geological environment in the open pit quarrying concentrated area in the study area is carried out, and combined with the field investigation and verification of the mine, the interpretation marks are improved and the interpretation accuracy is improved. The general situation and changes of the mine geological environment in 2008 and 2015 are analyzed. The landscape pattern characteristics of mine mining concentration area are analyzed, the square grid is taken as the evaluation unit, the evaluation index system is constructed, the evaluation index system is constructed, the index grade is divided, and the weight of the index is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). With the aid of comprehensive evaluation method, the geological environment quality of quarrying concentrated mining area is evaluated based on ArcGIS platform, and the quality of mine geological environment in the study area is divided into four types. Through the statistical analysis of various types, the following conclusions are drawn from the above study: 1) the analysis of the geological environment of mine in the study area in 2008 and 2015 shows that during the period of 2008 ~ 2015, the scale of open-pit quarries in the study area is expanding and the number of mine buildings is increasing. Industrial activity has intensified; at the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the rehabilitation of mined mines, and the number of mines reclaimed has increased. However, the quality of mine geological environment is still deteriorating. (2) the evaluation index system is established and classified according to the specific conditions of the study area, which ensures the comprehensiveness, scientificalness and objectivity of the evaluation index. This paper adopts a qualitative and quantitative method to determine the index weight, which avoids the subjectivity. Finally, based on the ArcGIS10.2 platform, the comprehensive evaluation model is used to evaluate the geological environment quality of the quarrying area. And the evaluation results are in line with the actual situation in the research area. The area of mine geological environment in "good" and "better" was reduced from 2213.13km~2 to 1944.20 kmm2, and the proportion of area occupied in the study area was reduced from 65.47 to 57.52; the area where the quality of mine geological environment was "poor" was increased from 400.54km~2 to 655.97 km2; in 2015, the area of "poor area" was increased to 65.97 km2; in 2015, the area in which the quality of mine geological environment was "poor" increased to 655.97 km2; "the area has reached 19.40% of the area of the study area, which is 7.55% more than in 2008. The area of" good area "and" better area "of the quality of mine geological environment is reduced, and the area of" poor area "is increased. The results show that the mining intensity is increased and the quality of mine geological environment is deteriorating in Jinan Research area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD167

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