本文選題：金融集聚　切入點(diǎn)：區(qū)域收入差距　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：從20世紀(jì)70年代開始,金融資源在空間上的流動(dòng)逐步凸顯出集中態(tài)勢(shì),較多的金融資源多集中于發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)。在金融集聚的過程中,不斷吸取周邊地區(qū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)金融資源,即只集中不輻射,從而造成了區(qū)域間的非均衡發(fā)展。使得金融集聚態(tài)勢(shì)明顯的地區(qū)與“被集聚”的區(qū)域在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)水平和知識(shí)存量上產(chǎn)生了巨大差異。這種金融集聚在空間上的分布特征,作用于區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時(shí),是否對(duì)區(qū)域間收入分配的方式和程度產(chǎn)生了影響?區(qū)域金融集聚的空間差異是如何引起區(qū)域居民收入改變的?金融資源的時(shí)空組合與配置變化對(duì)收入分配格局存在怎樣的影響機(jī)理?正是本論文要解決的問題。目前對(duì)于金融與區(qū)域收入差距的問題上,直接闡述二者關(guān)系的研究較少,大部分研究都是從靜態(tài)的金融發(fā)展角度研究收入差距,而本論文借助地理信息系統(tǒng)和空間計(jì)量模型,利用空間面板數(shù)據(jù)描述金融資源的地域流動(dòng)對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距的影響,能夠較好的闡述金融資源的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向?qū)^(qū)域收入差距的作用原理。結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí),分析金融集聚和區(qū)域收入差距在我國(guó)的分布情況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。借助Arcgis軟件繪圖,可以看出金融集聚與收入水平在我國(guó)均呈現(xiàn)東-中-西三級(jí)階梯分布,說明金融集聚的空間分布對(duì)區(qū)域收入差異存在較大的影響,需要進(jìn)一步梳理金融集聚對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距的作用機(jī)理。金融體系最基礎(chǔ)的功能就是提供貸款,助力實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。然而根據(jù)金融抑制和深化理論可知,我國(guó)歷史上采取的非市場(chǎng)化的金融抑制政策,造成實(shí)際利率低于均衡利率,形成了“利率”倒掛機(jī)制,使得發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)居民有較低的資金使用成本,而欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)居民則無法取得較高的利息收入,對(duì)區(qū)域收入分配格局產(chǎn)生影響。同時(shí)由于原始財(cái)富積累差距,加之信貸門檻的存在,使得發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)居民能夠跨越信貸門檻,增收渠道拓展,收益不斷提升,而欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)居民由于無法跨越信貸門檻,一直處于低水平循環(huán),由此造成了二者的收入差距。在產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整機(jī)制方面,從資本要素與勞動(dòng)要素的收入分配比例視角切入,論述金融集聚使資本要素收入不斷上升,勞動(dòng)要素收入不斷下降,加之邊際資本的區(qū)域收益率差距的影響。同時(shí)由于我國(guó)采用趕超戰(zhàn)略,使金融資源多集中于無自生能力的壟斷行業(yè)中,而這些行業(yè)多集中于發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),使得金融資源分配效率較低,由行業(yè)差距逐步演變?yōu)榈貐^(qū)差距,導(dǎo)致了區(qū)域間收入分配的不合理。在知識(shí)溢出機(jī)制方面,通過演化博弈模型的分析得出,金融集聚在發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)會(huì)產(chǎn)生集聚網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)的系統(tǒng)效應(yīng)、創(chuàng)新效應(yīng)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步效應(yīng)和信息升級(jí)效應(yīng),促進(jìn)其技術(shù)進(jìn)步和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的提升,從而促進(jìn)收入增長(zhǎng)。而在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)由于知識(shí)溢出渠道不暢,知識(shí)水平差距過大,會(huì)形成知識(shí)鎖定的局面,從而不能為技術(shù)進(jìn)步提供有力的金融支持,逐步形成了與發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率差異,收入差距由此形成。分別從金融功能、產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整和知識(shí)溢出三個(gè)層面選取金融集聚影響區(qū)域收入差距的實(shí)證指標(biāo),構(gòu)建空間計(jì)量模型,進(jìn)一步測(cè)算金融集聚對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距在空間上造成的直接效應(yīng)與間接效應(yīng),探討金融集聚各層面指標(biāo)對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距的綜合作用路徑。通過空間鄰接矩陣,首先測(cè)算金融集聚對(duì)收入影響的金融功能效應(yīng),利用空間計(jì)量統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,選取2004-2013年中國(guó)31個(gè)省、自治區(qū)和直轄市的面板數(shù)據(jù),以柯布道格拉斯函數(shù)為基礎(chǔ),模擬出金融集聚與收入水平的空間相關(guān)關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明：由銀行本外幣存款余額、保費(fèi)收入和股票市場(chǎng)籌資額組成的金融集聚綜合指數(shù)、技術(shù)水平及政府作用指數(shù)對(duì)人均可支配收入具有顯著的正向效應(yīng)。說明由于在區(qū)域間存在金融集聚程度與模式的不同造成了區(qū)域間收入的差異,應(yīng)利用經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)極的發(fā)展策略,建立多層次的金融中心,縮小區(qū)域間的收入差距。其次,測(cè)算金融集聚對(duì)收入影響的產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整效應(yīng),在上一章模型的基礎(chǔ)上加入產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和壟斷程度指標(biāo)。結(jié)果顯示,金融集聚綜合指數(shù)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步指數(shù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)指數(shù)對(duì)收入水平的影響較為顯著,壟斷因素與收入水平呈負(fù)相關(guān),而政府作用并不是很明顯。因此,政府應(yīng)遵循自身資源稟賦優(yōu)勢(shì)提出產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略。使金融集聚的流動(dòng)方向和模式遵循市場(chǎng)規(guī)律,流向收益率更高的地方,能夠有效促進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步,改善金融資源分配不均的狀況,促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的區(qū)域平衡,縮小區(qū)域收入差距。最后,以知識(shí)生產(chǎn)函數(shù)為基礎(chǔ),建立空間計(jì)量模型發(fā)現(xiàn),在金融集聚對(duì)區(qū)域收入差距作用的過程中具有明顯的知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng)。金融資源的空間集聚與擴(kuò)散會(huì)激活集群內(nèi)部的緘默知識(shí),提高金融集聚群體的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,從而提升處于這一區(qū)域內(nèi)的群體的收入水平。金融集聚指數(shù)、受教育水平、金融集聚規(guī)模、RD投入和技術(shù)市場(chǎng)交易額都對(duì)收入水平的提升具有顯著的知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng),而人力資本的投入則沒有明顯的知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng)。因此,應(yīng)該利用金融集聚的知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng),使其能夠有效的輻射到欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū),從而推進(jìn)區(qū)域教育均衡化發(fā)展,提升其勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。通過理論和實(shí)證分析,總結(jié)出金融集聚對(duì)收入分配影響的三大空間效應(yīng),即：金融功能效應(yīng)、產(chǎn)業(yè)調(diào)整效應(yīng)和知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng)。首先,金融集聚通過集聚儲(chǔ)蓄、分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、便利交易、促進(jìn)公司治理和信息揭示五大功能,對(duì)區(qū)域間的資本積累、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新及經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響,從而造成了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率的區(qū)域差距,進(jìn)而帶來對(duì)區(qū)域間收入分配的金融功能效應(yīng)。其次,不同區(qū)域的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)大相徑庭,金融集聚對(duì)不同地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)會(huì)產(chǎn)生迥異的資本集聚和增值能力效應(yīng)。而區(qū)域內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的資本密集程度和利潤(rùn)直接影響到居民的工資水平,由于金融集聚對(duì)不同區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)的作用效果不同,也造成了區(qū)域間的收入差距。最后,發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)與欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)金融集聚的知識(shí)溢出效應(yīng)也存在差距,發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的知識(shí)系統(tǒng)豐富,人力資本水平普遍較高,加之金融集聚產(chǎn)生的大量緘默知識(shí),形成了豐富的信息數(shù)據(jù)庫。同時(shí),此地區(qū)主體的信息編碼能力較強(qiáng),決定了此區(qū)域居民的收入水平較高,欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)反之,從而形成了發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)與欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的收入差距。
[Abstract]:From the beginning of 1970s, the financial resources in the space of the flow gradually highlights the concentration trend, more financial resources are more concentrated in developed regions. In the process of financial agglomeration, constantly absorbing the surrounding area the advantage of financial resources, which is not only concentrated radiation, resulting in the uneven development between regions. The obvious trend of financial agglomeration the area and the "cluster" in the area of economic growth, the level of technology and knowledge have great differences. The distribution characteristics of the financial agglomeration in space, plays a role in regional economic development and at the same time, whether on the income distribution between regions and degree of influence? The space differences in regional financial agglomeration is how to cause the change of regional income? Space combination and configuration changes of financial resources are the influence mechanism on how the income distribution pattern? This paper is to solve The gap between the financial problems. And the regional income problem, expounded the relationship between the two studies are few, most of the research is to study the income gap from the static angle of financial development, this paper uses the geographic information system and spatial econometric model, describing the flow of financial resources by the impact of regional spatial panel data on the regional income gap to the direction of movement of financial resources, the better the effect on regional income gap principle. Combined with the reality, analysis of financial agglomeration and regional income disparity in the distribution and development trend in our country. With the help of Arcgis software drawing, we can see that the financial agglomeration and income level in our country are presented in East - West three ladder the distribution shows that there is a greater impact on the regional income distribution difference of financial agglomeration space, need to further clarify the financial agglomeration mechanism of regional income gap . the basic function of the financial system is to provide loans to help the development of the real economy. However, according to the theory of financial repression and deepening, take the history of our country's non market oriented financial repression policy, resulting in real interest rates lower than the equilibrium interest rate, the formation of the "interest rate" upside down mechanism, makes the developed area residents have the use of funds cost low, and underdeveloped area residents are unable to obtain higher interest income, have an impact on the regional income distribution pattern. At the same time as the original accumulation of wealth gap, and the credit threshold exists, the developed area residents to cross the threshold of credit, increase revenue channels to expand, upgrade, and underdeveloped area residents due to cross credit the threshold has been at a low level circulation, resulting in two of the income gap. In terms of industrial adjustment mechanism, from the capital and labor income factors The breakthrough allocation perspective, discusses the financial agglomeration make capital incomes rising, labor income continued to decline, coupled with the impact of the regional capital marginal yield gap. At the same time since China adopted the surpassing strategy, financial resources are more concentrated in the non viability of the monopoly industries, and these industries are more concentrated in the developed areas. The financial resource allocation efficiency is low, the gap between the industry gradually evolved into the gap between regions, leading to inter regional income distribution is not reasonable. In the aspect of knowledge spillover mechanism, through the analysis of the evolutionary game model that the financial agglomeration in developed regions will cause system effect, cluster network knowledge innovation effect, the effect of technical progress and upgrade information effect, promote the technological progress and labor productivity, thereby promoting income growth. In less developed regions due to knowledge spillover channels, knowledge of water Flat gap is too large, will form a knowledge locking situation, which can not provide strong financial support for technological progress, and gradually formed the labor productivity gap with the developed areas, the income gap is formed. From the three aspects of financial function, industrial restructuring and knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration from empirical indicators of regional income gap, construction a spatial econometric model, further calculation of financial agglomeration on the direct effect of regional income differences in space and indirect effect on the financial agglomeration index of every level of comprehensive effect on regional income gap path. By spatial adjacency matrix, first calculates the financial agglomeration effect on the financial function of the income effect, using spatial econometric statistical method, select 2004-2013 years China in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central panel data, based on the Cobb Douglas function, simulate the financial agglomeration and The correlation between income levels. The results showed that: by the Bank of the foreign currency deposits, premium income and stock market financing is composed of financial agglomeration index, technical level and the government function index of per capita disposable income has a significant positive effect. Because of the regional differences of financial agglomeration degree and pattern of difference regional income, development strategy of using economic growth pole, the establishment of a multi-level financial center, reducing the regional income gap. Secondly, calculation of financial agglomeration industry adjustment effect on the income effect should be added, the industrial structure and the degree of monopoly in the index based on a chapter on the model. The results show that the comprehensive financial agglomeration index, index of technological progress, industrial structure index has significant influence on the level of income, the monopoly factors were negatively correlated with the level of income, and the role of government is not very Obviously. Therefore, the government should follow its own resource advantages of industrial upgrading development strategy. The flow direction and mode of financial agglomeration to follow the market rules, to yield a higher place, can effectively promote technological progress, improve the allocation of financial resources uneven situation, promote balanced regional labor productivity, reduce the regional income gap. Finally, the knowledge production function as the basis, establish spatial econometric model that has obvious effect in the process of knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration on regional income gap. The agglomeration and diffusion of tacit knowledge within the cluster will activate the financial resources space, improve the competitiveness of financial industrial agglomeration, so as to enhance the level of income in this area the group. The financial agglomeration index, education level, financial agglomeration scale, RD investment and technology market turnover on income level enhancement There is a significant knowledge spillover effect, and investment in human capital is not the knowledge spillover effect obviously. Therefore, should take advantage of the knowledge spillover effect of financial agglomeration, so that it can be effective radiation to the underdeveloped areas, and promote regional balanced development of education, improve the labor productivity. Through theoretical and empirical analysis, summed up three space effect, the financial agglomeration effects on the income distribution of financial function effect, effect of adjusting industry and knowledge spillover effect. Firstly, the financial agglomeration agglomeration through savings, risk diversification, convenient transaction, promoting corporate governance and information disclosure of the five functions, on the accumulation of regional capital, have different influence on technology innovation and the development of economy, which caused the regional disparity in labor productivity, and thus bring financial effects on the income distribution between regions. Secondly, the industrial structure of different regions of the Which explains the financial agglomeration will produce different for different areas of industrial capital agglomeration and value-added effect. While the regional industrial capital intensive and profits directly affect the residents wages, because the financial agglomeration effect of different regions of different industries, also caused the regional income gap. Finally, developed areas with less financial agglomeration knowledge spillover effect in developed areas such as the gap in knowledge system in developed areas, rich, generally higher level of human capital, coupled with the financial agglomeration to produce a large number of tacit knowledge, form a rich database of information. At the same time, the information encoding ability of this area main body is strong, decided that this area residents' income level is higher conversely, in underdeveloped areas, thus forming a developed region and undeveloped region income gap.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F832;F124.7
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本文編號(hào)：1655785