本文選題：快遞業(yè)　切入點(diǎn)：差異化　出處：《山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近幾年來,伴隨信息技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的快速發(fā)展,第三方支付平臺(tái)的建立與興起,電子商務(wù)的業(yè)務(wù)量加速增長(zhǎng),由此促進(jìn)了我國(guó)快遞業(yè)的井噴式增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)國(guó)家郵政局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),2014年,我國(guó)快遞業(yè)務(wù)量已經(jīng)超越美國(guó)成為世界第一。而2016年我國(guó)快遞業(yè)務(wù)量為312.8億件,并連續(xù)6年每年增長(zhǎng)超過45%。由此可見,快遞業(yè)正處于高速發(fā)展期,但是這里也存在很多問題,比較突出的就是低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)帶來的“價(jià)格戰(zhàn)”。不少民營(yíng)企業(yè)為了搶奪市場(chǎng)份額,不惜以低于成本的價(jià)格提供快遞服務(wù),究其原因就是快遞業(yè)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)混亂,服務(wù)質(zhì)量有待提高,而快遞企業(yè)又不具備良好的經(jīng)營(yíng)理念,單一的經(jīng)營(yíng)模式使得同質(zhì)化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)過度。在產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論中,產(chǎn)品差異化既是決定市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的重要因素,又是市場(chǎng)中企業(yè)取得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)手段,因此,有效的產(chǎn)品差異化不僅能推動(dòng)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的有序演進(jìn),而且能促進(jìn)整個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)健康穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。本文就運(yùn)用產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論,以我國(guó)快遞業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀為出發(fā)點(diǎn),從差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的角度尋找推動(dòng)力以促進(jìn)我國(guó)快遞業(yè)的市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)演進(jìn)。根據(jù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家快遞業(yè)的發(fā)展歷程可知,發(fā)展成熟的快遞業(yè)市場(chǎng)應(yīng)表現(xiàn)為寡頭壟斷結(jié)構(gòu),本文建立一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的雙寡頭壟斷模型,分別考慮在不引入差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和引入差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的情況下,市場(chǎng)上的企業(yè)如何競(jìng)爭(zhēng),并對(duì)均衡時(shí)得到的價(jià)格和產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行分析,說明差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)及市場(chǎng)績(jī)效的影響。接下來針對(duì)當(dāng)前激烈的低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)問題,分析了我國(guó)快遞業(yè)發(fā)展的現(xiàn)狀,并簡(jiǎn)單介紹了國(guó)外快遞業(yè)的發(fā)展模式和國(guó)際快遞巨頭的差異化特點(diǎn),對(duì)我國(guó)快遞業(yè)以及快遞企業(yè)提出一些對(duì)策建議。本文的結(jié)論就是:在產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)同質(zhì)化的市場(chǎng)上,企業(yè)可以采取差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的手段,制定高于邊際成本的價(jià)格,從而獲得正的經(jīng)濟(jì)利潤(rùn)。同時(shí),差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)又能保證市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的有效性,低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的手段已不適用于發(fā)展穩(wěn)定的快遞行業(yè),差異化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)才能促進(jìn)快遞業(yè)更穩(wěn)更好的發(fā)展。在宏觀層面上,政府應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)快遞企業(yè)加快收購(gòu)整合的腳步,進(jìn)一步完善郵政法,放寬經(jīng)營(yíng)范圍,給快遞企業(yè)更廣闊的發(fā)展空間。在產(chǎn)業(yè)層面上,快遞業(yè)應(yīng)積極推進(jìn)快遞企業(yè)之間的并購(gòu)整合,提高市場(chǎng)集中度,進(jìn)而提高資源的利用率。在微觀層面上,快遞企業(yè)應(yīng)加大對(duì)信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)路建設(shè)的資源投入,通過提供差異化的快遞服務(wù)來滿足顧客的多樣化、個(gè)性化需求。本文不足之處在于:相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的缺乏使得本文缺乏實(shí)證分析的內(nèi)容,無法提供更具說服力的現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of information technology and network, the establishment and rise of third-party payment platform, the business volume of e-commerce has increased rapidly, which has promoted the blowout growth of express delivery industry in China. According to the statistics of National Post Office, in 2014, China's express delivery business has surpassed the United States to become the first in the world. In 2016, China's express delivery business volume was 31.28 billion pieces, and the annual growth for six consecutive years exceeded 45.5%. This shows that express delivery industry is in a period of rapid development, but there are also many problems here. What is more prominent is the "price war" brought about by low price competition. In order to seize market share, many private enterprises do not hesitate to provide express delivery services at a price lower than the cost. The reason is that the market competition in the express delivery industry is chaotic and the service quality needs to be improved. But the express delivery enterprise does not have the good management idea, the single management pattern causes the homogeneity competition to be excessive. In the industrial organization theory, the product differentiation is the important factor which decides the market structure. Therefore, effective product differentiation can not only promote the orderly evolution of market structure, but also promote the healthy and stable development of the whole industry. Based on the present situation of express delivery industry in China, this paper looks for the impetus from the angle of differentiated competition to promote the evolution of the market structure of express delivery industry in China. According to the development course of express delivery industry in developed countries, The development of mature express delivery market should be characterized by oligopoly structure. This paper establishes a simple duopoly monopoly model, considering how the enterprises in the market compete without introducing differential competition and introducing differentiated competition, respectively. The paper also analyzes the price and output obtained in equilibrium, and explains the influence of differential competition on market structure and market performance. Then, aiming at the current fierce low price competition, the paper analyzes the current situation of express delivery industry development in China. It also briefly introduces the development mode of the foreign express industry and the differential characteristics of the international express giant, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for our express delivery industry and express enterprises. The conclusion of this paper is: in the market where the products or services are homogenous, Enterprises can make positive economic profits by means of differential competition and set prices higher than marginal cost. At the same time, differential competition can ensure the effectiveness of market competition. The method of low price competition is no longer suitable for the development of stable express delivery industry. Differentiation competition is the only way to promote a more stable and better development of express delivery industry. At the macro level, the government should encourage express delivery companies to speed up the pace of acquisition and integration. Further improve the postal law, relax the scope of operation, and give express delivery enterprises a broader space for development. At the industrial level, express delivery should actively promote merger and acquisition integration between express delivery enterprises and increase market concentration. At the micro level, express delivery enterprises should invest more resources in information technology and network construction, and satisfy the diversity of customers by providing differentiated express service. The deficiency of this paper is that the lack of relevant data makes this paper lack the content of empirical analysis and can not provide a more convincing practical basis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F259.2

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