本文選題：集體土地　切入點(diǎn)：土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文立足于農(nóng)村集體土地優(yōu)先承包權(quán)糾紛案件的審理,對(duì)司法實(shí)踐中經(jīng)常遇見、存有爭(zhēng)議的法律問題,在量化統(tǒng)計(jì)以及學(xué)界觀點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納的基礎(chǔ)上,就優(yōu)先承包權(quán)行使的相關(guān)問題和權(quán)利構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行探討和總結(jié),并提出自己的建議,以期對(duì)審判實(shí)踐工作有所裨益。本文對(duì)于相關(guān)問題的主要觀點(diǎn)主要有以下幾點(diǎn):首先,關(guān)于優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的權(quán)利主張對(duì)象,若優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的權(quán)利來源是法律規(guī)定,那么權(quán)利人可向?qū)?quán)利造成侵害的所有主體進(jìn)行權(quán)利主張。若優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的權(quán)利來源是合同約定,那么以第三人善意與否分為兩種情況:第三人善意時(shí),權(quán)利人僅能向合同相對(duì)方進(jìn)行權(quán)利主張;第三人惡意時(shí),權(quán)利人應(yīng)同時(shí)向合同相對(duì)方以及第三人主張權(quán)利。第二,關(guān)于“同等條件”的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),將與發(fā)包方或流轉(zhuǎn)方利益密切相關(guān)的條件作為“同等條件”的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),提出“同等條件”中的“條件”應(yīng)當(dāng)包括農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)力量、資金狀況、信譽(yù)狀況、義務(wù)承擔(dān)等安全保障方面的條件,以及包括承包價(jià)款、承包期限、承包土地范圍等利益最大化方面的條件。第三,關(guān)于因程序違法而侵害法定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的合同效力認(rèn)定,因程序違法而侵害法定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的合同應(yīng)當(dāng)是效力待定合同。待村委會(huì)重新召開村民大會(huì),經(jīng)2/3以上村民代表同意則合同認(rèn)定為有效,若未達(dá)到2/3以上村民代表同意或者集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織并未召開村民會(huì)議予以追認(rèn),則合同應(yīng)為無效。第四,關(guān)于權(quán)利人違約與優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的關(guān)系認(rèn)定,法定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)人即使違約也并不一定喪失優(yōu)先承包權(quán),能否行使權(quán)利應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)具體情況,若其依然具備立法對(duì)于承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人的強(qiáng)行義務(wù)要求的條件,則其仍可行使優(yōu)先承包權(quán)。約定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)根據(jù)約定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)人的違約程度而具體分析。若根本違約導(dǎo)致合同關(guān)系解除那么權(quán)利人喪失優(yōu)先承包權(quán);若違約程度不嚴(yán)重或合同中明確約定了違約的處理方式,那么權(quán)利人在仍符合立法對(duì)于承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)人的義務(wù)要求的情況下仍可繼續(xù)行使優(yōu)先承包權(quán)。第五,關(guān)于權(quán)利沖突的處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn),當(dāng)法定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)與約定優(yōu)先承包權(quán)相沖突時(shí),以優(yōu)先保護(hù)集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員利益為原則,法定優(yōu)先于約定。合同約定的承包期限屆滿后,原承包方主張優(yōu)先承包權(quán)與其他主體的權(quán)利相沖突時(shí),分三種情況討論,第一種情況是原承包方是本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員且約定了優(yōu)先承包權(quán),當(dāng)與其他主體權(quán)利沖突時(shí),原承包方的優(yōu)先承包權(quán)優(yōu)先;第二種情況是原承包方是本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員但未約定優(yōu)先承包權(quán),原承包合同到期后集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織內(nèi)的其他成員也要求行使優(yōu)先承包權(quán),這種情況屬于集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織的內(nèi)部事務(wù),發(fā)包方或流轉(zhuǎn)方可依據(jù)具體情況選擇締約相對(duì)方。第三種情況是原承包方是非本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員,承包期結(jié)束后原承包方與其他主體同時(shí)要求行使優(yōu)先承包權(quán)。這種情況下,如果其他主體是本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員,則本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員的權(quán)利優(yōu)先;如果其他的糾紛主體并非本集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織成員,那么要看原承包合同是否約定了優(yōu)先承包權(quán),若有約定則應(yīng)支持原承包方的優(yōu)先承包權(quán),若無約定則不涉及優(yōu)先承包權(quán)的問題,由發(fā)包方或流轉(zhuǎn)方依據(jù)具體情況選擇締約相對(duì)方。
[Abstract]:This paper is based on the priority of rural collective land contract right dispute case, the judicial practice often encounter legal problems disputed, based on quantitative statistics and summarized the academic point of view on the issues related to the exercise of the right of priority rights and contracting elements are summarized and discussed, and put forward its own suggestion to the work is helpful in judicial practice. The main points of this paper for the related problems are mainly the following: first, on the priority right to contract claims, if the prior contract rights is the source of the law, so the right people can claim to all subject to infringe upon the rights. If the priority right of contracting the right is the source of the contract, then to the third person in good faith or not is divided into two types: third people in good faith, human rights only to the contract rights advocate; third Malicious, human rights should be at the same time to contract and claim third. Second standard of "equal conditions", and is closely related to the interests of the employer or the transfer conditions as the criteria for identification of "equal conditions", the "equal condition" in the "conditions" should include agricultural technical force money, status, reputation status, obligations and other security conditions, including contract price, contract period, land contracting scope to maximize the benefits of the conditions. Third, about the validity because of illegal procedure against the legal priority right to contract the contract, due to illegal procedure against the legal priority right to contract the contract shall be is the indefinite contract. The village committee to convene a village meeting, by over 2/3 of the villagers' representatives agreed to contract is deemed valid, if not more than 2/3 or the villagers' representatives agreed to set The economic organization did not ratify the villagers held a meeting, the contract should be invalid. Fourth, found on the right relationship between breach of contract and the priority right to contract, legal priority contracting party even if the breach does not necessarily lose the priority right of contracting, can exercise the right to the specific situation, if they still have legislation for the mandatory requirements of the obligor the right to the contracted management of the condition, it is still the priority right to contract. Contract is contracted according to the extent of breach of contract agreement first contracting party and specific analysis. If the fundamental breach causes the contract termination loss is contracted and rights; if the default degree is not serious or expressly agreed in the contract processing default. So the right people in the legislation is still in accordance with the requirements for human rights obligations under the contract will continue to exercise the priority right to contract. Fifth, the standard of rights conflict And when the statutory priority contract right and priority of agreement contract right conflict, to give priority to the protection of the interests of the members of the collective economic organizations as the principle, legal priority in the contract. The contract deadline stipulated in the contract after the expiry of the original contractor claim priority conflict with other contracting rights, three cases discussed first is the original contractor is the members of the collective economic organization and stipulated the priority right of contracting with other subjects when the conflict of rights, the original contractor's priority right to contract priority; the second is the original contractor is the members of the collective economic organization but no agreement is contracted, other members of the collective economic organization the original contract expires after the exercise is contracted, which belongs to the collective economic organizations in the internal affairs of the employer or the transfer can be based on the specific circumstances of each other. The third phase selection of contracting situation is the original contract Package is non members of the collective economic organizations, the term of the contract after the end of the original contracting party and the other main exercise is contracted and. In this case, if the other subjects are the members of the collective economic organization, are members of the collective economic organizations of the priority of rights; if other dispute is not the main members of the collective economic organization, so to see whether the original contract agreement is contracted, if there is contracted agreed should support the original contractor, if no agreement is not involved in priority right of contracting, by the employer or the transfer party according to specific conditions of selection of contracting parties to each other.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D922.32

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