本文關(guān)鍵詞： 金融排斥 金融排斥指數(shù) 普惠型金融體系　出處：《貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：金融權(quán)利和其他權(quán)利一樣,是人生來(lái)就擁有的基本權(quán)利。和富裕的人們一樣,低收入個(gè)人或者企業(yè)同樣需要得到貸款、投資、保險(xiǎn)等各方面的金融服務(wù)。但是在各個(gè)國(guó)家,特別是一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家,這些貧困人群或者資金規(guī)模較小的企業(yè)有著比大型企業(yè)更為強(qiáng)烈的資金需求,卻被排斥在正規(guī)金融之外,只能通過(guò)其他非正規(guī)渠道,如高利貸、私人借貸等,理論界將這種現(xiàn)象稱為“金融排斥”(Financial Exclusion)。這些金融服務(wù)不但需要支付高昂的價(jià)格,而且不具連續(xù)性。因此,我們希望可以減少這種不平等的現(xiàn)象,建立更加完善的金融體系,讓貧困人群和低收入者、小微企業(yè)可以獲得和市場(chǎng)價(jià)格相符的金融產(chǎn)品與服務(wù),可以公平地通過(guò)金融機(jī)構(gòu)獲得資金。近年來(lái),城鄉(xiāng)二元化發(fā)展、貧富差距增大、“三農(nóng)”問(wèn)題等成為了制約我國(guó)建成小康社會(huì)的因素,如何實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)平等、改善弱勢(shì)群體的生活、消除金融排斥等問(wèn)題逐漸成為了學(xué)者們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。目前為止,學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)于金融排斥的研究還處于初級(jí)階段,系統(tǒng)性地研究金融排斥的文獻(xiàn)不多,尤其是關(guān)于西部貧困地區(qū)的研究更是少之又少。由于地理環(huán)境的限制和歷史發(fā)展的原因,西部地區(qū)的金融排斥現(xiàn)象尤為嚴(yán)重。因此,對(duì)于金融排斥系統(tǒng)性地研究,以及對(duì)傳導(dǎo)路徑和形成機(jī)理的分析,對(duì)于降低金融排斥,發(fā)展西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)具有重要意義。本文在綜合了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究結(jié)果上,以計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、金融經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)為理論依據(jù),對(duì)全國(guó)省市的金融排斥進(jìn)行了測(cè)度,之后使用面板模型分別對(duì)東西部地區(qū)的影響金融排斥的因素進(jìn)行了顯著性檢驗(yàn),并以此為基礎(chǔ)提出降低金融排斥、改變區(qū)域金融發(fā)展差異化的措施和建議。本文的結(jié)論可以分為以下兩點(diǎn):(1)我國(guó)西部地區(qū)金融排斥的程度較東部地區(qū)較為嚴(yán)重。本文在已有文獻(xiàn)和理論的基礎(chǔ)上,從一個(gè)全新的角度對(duì)金融排斥的維度進(jìn)行了重新界定,在結(jié)合了我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況以及數(shù)據(jù)的可得性之后,決定以金融服務(wù)的深度、可得度、使用度和負(fù)擔(dān)度四個(gè)方面為衡量金融排斥的維度,參考人類發(fā)展指數(shù)對(duì)金融排斥進(jìn)行測(cè)度,測(cè)度結(jié)果顯示,幾年來(lái)我國(guó)的金融排斥程度呈上升趨勢(shì),而且西部地區(qū)的金融排斥度尤為嚴(yán)重。(2)分析并揭示了金融排斥的形成機(jī)理。金融排斥的形成有它內(nèi)在的傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制,并且和很多因素高度相關(guān),社會(huì)、環(huán)境因素都有可能決定金融排斥。金融供給和需求的錯(cuò)配、地理環(huán)境惡劣、金融體系不完善等原因都造成了金融排斥。最后經(jīng)過(guò)實(shí)證發(fā)現(xiàn),全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)人均收入、教育水平、第一產(chǎn)業(yè)占比等因素都會(huì)對(duì)金融排斥產(chǎn)生影響。
[Abstract]:Financial rights, like other rights, are fundamental rights that people are born with. Like wealthy people, low-income individuals or businesses also need access to all kinds of financial services, such as loans, investments, insurance, etc. But in every country, In particular, in some developing countries, these poor people or smaller enterprises, which have stronger funding needs than large ones, are excluded from formal finance and can only use other informal channels, such as usury, Private lending and so on, which the theorists call "financial exclusion" and Financial exclusion. These financial services not only pay high prices, but also do not have continuity. Therefore, we hope to reduce this inequality. To establish a better financial system so that poor people and low-income people, small and micro enterprises can have access to financial products and services that are in line with market prices, and can obtain funds equitably through financial institutions. In recent years, urban and rural areas have developed in a dual way. As the gap between the rich and the poor increases, the problems of "three rural areas" have become the factors restricting the establishment of a well-off society in our country. How to achieve social equality, improve the life of the disadvantaged groups and eliminate financial exclusion have gradually become the focus of attention of scholars. The research on financial exclusion in academic circles is still in its infancy, and there are few documents systematically studying financial exclusion, especially in the poverty-stricken areas of western China. Due to the limitation of geographical environment and the historical development, the research on financial exclusion is still in its infancy. The phenomenon of financial exclusion is especially serious in the western region. Therefore, the systematic study of financial exclusion, as well as the analysis of conduction path and formation mechanism, can reduce the financial exclusion. It is of great significance to develop the economy of the western region. Based on the theoretical basis of econometrics, mathematics and financial economics, this paper measures the financial exclusion of provinces and cities in the whole country on the basis of synthesizing the research results of domestic and foreign scholars. Then using the panel model to test the factors that affect the financial exclusion in the eastern and western regions respectively, and on the basis of this, the paper proposes to reduce the financial exclusion. The conclusions of this paper can be divided into the following two points: 1) the degree of financial exclusion in the western region of China is more serious than that in the eastern region. The dimension of financial exclusion is redefined from a completely new perspective. After taking into account the actual situation in our country and the availability of data, it is decided to use the depth and availability of financial services. In order to measure the dimension of financial exclusion, the use degree and burden degree measure the financial exclusion according to the human development index. The results show that the degree of financial exclusion in China has been on the rise in recent years. Moreover, the degree of financial exclusion in the western region is especially serious. (2) analyzing and revealing the formation mechanism of financial exclusion. The formation of financial exclusion has its intrinsic transmission mechanism, and is highly related to many factors. Financial exclusion may be determined by environmental factors. Mismatch of financial supply and demand, poor geographical environment and imperfect financial system all contribute to financial exclusion. Finally, through empirical evidence, it is found that per capita income and education level in the whole country. The proportion of primary industry and other factors will have an impact on financial exclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F832.35

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