本文關(guān)鍵詞： 獐子島 底棲海藻 物種種類(lèi) 多樣性 三十年間變化 原因分析 區(qū)系性質(zhì)　出處：《遼寧師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：于2013年9月至2015年11月,在獐子島分別設(shè)置了6個(gè)采樣斷面,采用定性和定量?jī)煞N方式對(duì)獐子島潮間帶底棲海藻進(jìn)行采集,結(jié)合統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,探究該海域潮間帶底棲海藻在物種數(shù)量、經(jīng)濟(jì)藻類(lèi)組成、生物量、區(qū)系性質(zhì)在三十年間的變化,并探究產(chǎn)生這種變遷的原因。獐子島潮間帶現(xiàn)有底棲海藻有103種,隸屬于4門(mén)23目,種類(lèi)組成以紅藻門(mén)為主,有56種,占海藻種類(lèi)總量的54.4%;藍(lán)藻門(mén)2種,占總量的1.9%;綠藻門(mén)14種,占總量的13.6%;褐藻門(mén)有31種,占總量的30.1%。對(duì)比三十年前獐子島潮間帶底棲海藻種類(lèi)數(shù)量,從數(shù)字上看,物種總量上減少了10種,實(shí)際上,有21種獐子島原有底棲海藻在這三十年間消失,同時(shí)有11個(gè)新記錄種出現(xiàn)。獐子島現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)藻類(lèi)49種,其中,紅藻門(mén)23種,占22.3%;綠藻門(mén)13種,占12.6%;褐藻門(mén)13種,占26.5%。三十年前該地區(qū)共有經(jīng)濟(jì)藻類(lèi)39種。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步,人們對(duì)由潮間帶底棲海藻的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值不斷的開(kāi)發(fā)利用,不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)新的經(jīng)濟(jì)海藻,因此,從總量上看,經(jīng)濟(jì)海藻數(shù)量較三十年前有所增加。三十年前,獐子島潮間帶有害海藻只有酸藻(Desmarestia viridis(Muell.)Lamx)一種,現(xiàn)在獐子島有害海藻除了原有的酸藻,還有強(qiáng)壯硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha valida(Hooker et Harvey)Kuetzing)和舌狀酸藻(D.ligulata Lamouroux),共三種。它們大量繁殖,嚴(yán)重危害其他藻類(lèi)和海洋生物的生長(zhǎng)狀況。獐子島的海藻生物量較三十年前有大幅度的減小,很多三十年前的優(yōu)勢(shì)種數(shù)量急劇下降,甚至成為少見(jiàn)種,如海蘿(Gloiopeltis fureata)。產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象主要是因?yàn)闅夂蜃兣�、海水富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化、海水pH值和鹽度的改變等,破壞了底棲海藻的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境,使其生物量大幅下降。但季節(jié)變化對(duì)海藻生物量影響沒(méi)有發(fā)生改變,仍然表現(xiàn)為春夏冬秋。通過(guò)溫度性質(zhì)分析,獐子島潮間帶底棲海藻屬于黃海西區(qū)海藻區(qū)系范圍,藻類(lèi)區(qū)系性質(zhì)為溫帶性,暖溫帶強(qiáng)于冷溫帶性。該結(jié)論與三十年前區(qū)系性質(zhì)分析所得結(jié)論一致。
[Abstract]:From September 2013 to November 2015, six sampling sections were set up in Swertia Island. The benthic algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island were collected by qualitative and quantitative methods, combined with statistical analysis. The changes of species, economic algae composition, biomass and floristic properties of benthic algae in the intertidal zone of the sea area during 30 years were investigated. In the intertidal zone of Swertia Island, there are 103 species of benthic algae, belonging to 23 orders of 4 phylums. The species are composed mainly of red algae, 56 species, accounting for 54.444% of the total algae species. 2 species of Cyanophyta, accounting for 1.9% of the total; There are 14 species of Chlorophyta, accounting for 13.6% of the total; There are 31 species of brown algae, accounting for 30.1% of the total. Compared with the number of benthic algae species in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island 30 years ago, the total number of species has decreased by 10 species, in fact. There are 21 species of benthic algae disappearing in the past 30 years and 11 new records. There are 49 species of economic algae in Swertia Island, of which 23 species are red algae, accounting for 22.3 species. 13 species of Chlorophyta, accounting for 12.6 species; There are 13 species of brown algae, accounting for 26.5%. Thirty years ago, there were 39 species of economic algae in this area. With the development of society, the economic value of benthic algae from intertidal zone has been continuously exploited and utilized. New economic algae have been discovered, so in terms of total amount, the amount of economic algae is up from 30 years ago. The only harmful algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island is Desmarestia viridischii Muell.Lamx), but now Swertia Island is harmful in addition to the original algae. There is also Chaetomorpha valida(Hooker et Harveyus Kuetzing. and the tongue acid algae (. D. ligulata Lamouroux. There are three species. They multiply in large numbers, seriously endangering the growth of other algae and marine life. Swertia Island's algae biomass has a significant reduction compared with 30 years ago, many of the dominant species before the number of sharp decline. It is even a rare species, such as Gloiopeltis fureata.These phenomena are mainly caused by climate warming, eutrophication of seawater, changes of pH and salinity of seawater, etc. The growth environment of benthic algae was destroyed, and the biomass of benthic algae decreased significantly, but the effect of seasonal variation on algal biomass was not changed, which still appeared in spring, summer, winter and autumn. The benthic algae in the intertidal zone of Swertia Island belong to the flora of the western part of Huang Hai. The flora is temperate, and the warm temperate zone is stronger than the cold temperate zone. This conclusion is in agreement with the results obtained from the floristic analysis 30 years ago.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q949.2

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