本文關(guān)鍵詞： 青田河道 水污染防治 外部性　出處：《江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,城市的擴(kuò)大化和農(nóng)村的城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化等所產(chǎn)生的大量的生活、工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)等各類污水和垃圾,逐年增加,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出現(xiàn)有的治理能力。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),目前我國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)污水處理率不足30%,工業(yè)污水實(shí)際達(dá)標(biāo)率不到50%;而農(nóng)業(yè)除了畜禽業(yè)點(diǎn)源有些治理之外,其大量的化肥、農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)資產(chǎn)品和農(nóng)業(yè)秸桿等造成的污水,尚無(wú)切實(shí)有效的治理措施。特別是一些新發(fā)展起來(lái)的小城鎮(zhèn),水污染防治問(wèn)題更是突出嚴(yán)重。就浙江省青田縣來(lái)說(shuō),隨著甌江流域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,水環(huán)境污染的程度也在不斷地?cái)U(kuò)大和加重;使得原來(lái)的青山綠水的江南水鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)韻,逐漸遠(yuǎn)離人們的視線。各種生活污水、畜禽業(yè)污水、餐飲業(yè)污水、農(nóng)業(yè)面源污水、工業(yè)污水、地下管道污水、地表徑流污水、河(湖)床底泥及地面固體垃圾、廢棄物滲泡所產(chǎn)生的污水,未經(jīng)處理直接或間接地被排放到河道中,給河道水體造成了不同程度的污染。其中部分含有氮、磷元素的污水,導(dǎo)致河水富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化;部分重金屬離子對(duì)水生動(dòng)植物的生存造成了嚴(yán)重的影響;部分有毒物質(zhì)對(duì)水生動(dòng)物造成嚴(yán)重的傷害,甚至危害了人的身體健康。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,水污染防治的技術(shù)呈現(xiàn)螺旋式上升。發(fā)展會(huì)有進(jìn)步,但在過(guò)程中也會(huì)產(chǎn)生新的問(wèn)題。此時(shí)最重要的是如何分析新問(wèn)題,并針對(duì)新問(wèn)題制定相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。在青田縣經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,通過(guò)對(duì)其甌江水系水污染現(xiàn)狀和原因的分析,可以看出且日益顯示出水污染防治系統(tǒng)薄弱,生態(tài)破壞等的問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題在于部分民眾的法制觀念意識(shí)淡薄,環(huán)境保護(hù)意識(shí)差;部分單位履責(zé)不力等等。這些種種問(wèn)題需要更進(jìn)一步地研究、分析與解決。實(shí)際上,解決問(wèn)題同樣是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)。本文以個(gè)案為例——即以青田縣甌江水系水體污染防治為例,從河道水體污染的種種跡象入手,深入分析造成河道水體污染的各種原因,總結(jié)多年來(lái)治水的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)和失敗教訓(xùn),借鑒部分國(guó)內(nèi)外水污染防治的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),從源頭防治、政府層面、科技層面、群眾素質(zhì)和工程維護(hù)等方面等方面,提出一些見效快、投資省、持續(xù)長(zhǎng)的方法、措施和建議。希望通過(guò)本文對(duì)青田縣甌江水系水污水防治問(wèn)題的研究和青田縣委縣政府自身的不斷探索,青田縣甌江水系河道水污染防治工作肯定能取得勝利。同時(shí),也希望能通過(guò)本文,為我國(guó)其他地區(qū)的污水防治工作發(fā)展,提供一定意義上的借鑒。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the expansion of cities, the urbanization of rural areas, industrialization and so on, a large number of life, industry and agriculture and other kinds of sewage and garbage, increased year by year. According to statistics, the treatment rate of urban sewage in China is less than 30%, and the actual standard rate of industrial sewage is less than 50%. In addition to the point source of the livestock and poultry industry, there is no effective treatment for the sewage caused by a large number of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural products and agricultural straw, especially in some newly developed small towns. As for Qingtian County of Zhejiang Province, with the rapid development of economy and society in Oujiang River Basin, the degree of water pollution is also expanding and aggravating. Make the original green green water town of Jiangnan charm, gradually away from the sight of people. All kinds of domestic sewage, livestock and poultry industry sewage, catering industry sewage, agricultural non-point source sewage, industrial sewage, underground sewage pipe. Surface runoff sewage, river (lake) bed sediment and ground solid waste, waste water generated by leachate, untreated direct or indirect discharge into the river. Some of the wastewater containing nitrogen and phosphorus lead to eutrophication of river water. Some heavy metal ions have a serious effect on the survival of aquatic plants and animals. Some toxic substances cause serious harm to aquatic animals, and even endanger human health. With the progress of science and technology, the technology of water pollution prevention and control is spiraling up, and the development will make progress. But in the process will also produce new problems. At this time, the most important is how to analyze the new problems, and to formulate corresponding countermeasures. In the process of economic and social development in Qingtian County. Through the analysis of the current situation and causes of water pollution in Oujiang river system, we can see and show that the water pollution prevention system is weak, ecological destruction and so on. These problems lie in the weak sense of legal system of some people. Poor awareness of environmental protection; These problems need to be further studied, analyzed and solved. To solve the problem is also the performance of social progress. This paper takes the case as an example-that is, the prevention and control of water pollution in the Oujiang River system of Qingtian County, starting with various signs of river water pollution. Deeply analyze the causes of river water pollution, summarize the successful experience and failure lessons of water control over the years, draw lessons from some domestic and foreign advanced experience of water pollution control, from the source control, government level, science and technology level. In the aspects of mass quality and project maintenance, some methods are put forward, such as quick effect, less investment and longer duration. It is hoped that through the research on the prevention and treatment of water sewage in the Oujiang River system of Qingtian County and the continuous exploration of the Qingtian County Party Committee and the county government itself. The prevention and control of river water pollution in Oujiang River system of Qingtian County is sure to win a victory. At the same time, it is hoped that this paper can provide some references for the development of sewage prevention and treatment in other areas of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X522

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