本文關(guān)鍵詞：漢江流域上游氮污染的時(shí)空變化格局及其來源解析　出處：《中國科學(xué)院武漢植物園》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水質(zhì) 氮污染 硝酸鹽 懸浮顆粒物 同位素

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展以及人口數(shù)量的增加,大量含有高濃度氮素的工業(yè)廢水和生活污水排入河流,引起了一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,如水質(zhì)惡化、水體富營養(yǎng)化、藻類大量爆發(fā)以及生物多樣性減少等。氮素超標(biāo)目前已成為中國乃至全球范圍內(nèi)河流的主要水污染問題,嚴(yán)重影響河流的水環(huán)境質(zhì)量。因此,如何有效控制河流氮素水平,緩解氮污染的危害,成為當(dāng)前亟待解決的環(huán)境問題之一。漢江中上游作為我國南水北調(diào)中線工程的水源地,其水質(zhì)狀況也引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。本研究針對(duì)漢江上游水體氮污染問題,選取漢江上游段和漢江上游支流金水河為研究對(duì)象(前者受人類活動(dòng)干擾較大,后者極少受到人為干擾),采用氮氧同位素技術(shù)并結(jié)合方差分析、主成分分析和聚類分析等統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法,分析和對(duì)比了兩流域的氮污染時(shí)空分布特征,并針對(duì)水體中硝酸鹽和懸浮顆粒物進(jìn)行了來源解析,揭示其生物地球化學(xué)意義,以期為漢江流域的水質(zhì)管理和水污染治理提供參考。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)NO_3~-N是漢江上游水體中氮的主要存在形式,NO_3~-N與TN濃度的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律較為一致,部分地區(qū)水質(zhì)較好,人類活動(dòng)頻繁的區(qū)域氮濃度急劇增加。年際動(dòng)態(tài)顯示,在 2013-2014、2014-2015、2015-2016三個(gè)年度中,2014-2015年度的NO_3~-和TN濃度顯著高于其它年度。該年度水質(zhì)最差,氮含量較高。2015-2016年度漢江中上游的水質(zhì)有所改善,污染程度減輕。根據(jù)水體中的氮存在形式與其來源的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)漢江中上游在2014-2015年度受農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)影響較大,而2015-2016年度主要受城市以及工業(yè)污水的污染�？傮w上,該流域水體氮含量呈現(xiàn)明顯的季節(jié)動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律,豐水期的氮素濃度較枯水期高,氮污染程度在年際間變化趨勢(shì)較明顯。(2)漢江上游河段各季節(jié)水體硝酸鹽的來源明顯不同。2013年秋季和冬季屬于非生長季節(jié),水體主要受到工業(yè)廢水及生活污水的影響。2014年4月(春)水體硝酸鹽主要來源于土壤有機(jī)氮、大氣沉降和化肥,僅少數(shù)幾個(gè)位于城市內(nèi)的樣點(diǎn)受工業(yè)廢水的影響嚴(yán)重。2014年7月(夏)少數(shù)河段硝酸鹽來源于生活污水或者動(dòng)物糞便,多數(shù)河段受到土壤有機(jī)氮或工業(yè)廢水的影響。2015年4月(春)水體硝酸鹽的來源較多,但是受到降雨量的限制,其來源主要為化肥、生活污水、土壤有機(jī)氮、及工業(yè)廢水。2015年7月(夏)水體硝酸鹽氮同位素的平均水平較高,水體硝酸鹽主要來源于降水、生活污水、動(dòng)物糞便及化肥。2014年11月(秋)和2015年1月(冬),水體硝酸鹽主要來源于降雨、工業(yè)廢水及土壤有機(jī)氮,冬季時(shí)降雨來源可以忽略。2015年11月到2016年7月,廣泛的同位素值分布體現(xiàn)了這一時(shí)期水體中硝酸鹽來源的復(fù)雜性。利用主成分分析對(duì)水環(huán)境因子與氮同位素變化的關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),濁度與水體硝酸鹽的氮同位素值相關(guān)性最大。結(jié)合氮污染的特征,于2016年11月對(duì)幾個(gè)代表性樣點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了水體硝酸鹽的氧同位素分析,結(jié)果清晰準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別了各樣點(diǎn)水體硝酸鹽的來源,且水體中硝酸鹽濃度的變化受到硝化作用和反硝化作用的影響。(3)金水河流域中,硝態(tài)氮是水體可溶性無機(jī)氮的主要存在形式,豐水期的氮濃度較枯水期更高,11月份水體氮濃度最低。氮素的空間分布特征顯示,金水河中游河段氮含量較低,水質(zhì)較好,而上、下游河段相對(duì)受到一定人為活動(dòng)的干擾。(4)金水河流域水體中硝酸鹽主要來源于大氣沉降、化肥、土壤有機(jī)氮和生活污水。懸浮顆粒氮主要來源于大氣沉降和農(nóng)業(yè)化肥,且不同季節(jié)來源差異較大,其中冬季主要受到人類活動(dòng)的影響。這可能與陸源氮輸入及水體中復(fù)雜的氮循環(huán)過程有關(guān)懸浮顆粒物的δ15N-SPM值7月份最高,1月份和11月份次之,4月份最低。除了1月份硝化作用占主導(dǎo)因素以外,各個(gè)季節(jié)都存在一定的同化與分解作用,并且7月份強(qiáng)烈的分解作用導(dǎo)致其較高的δ15N-SPM值。金水河水體中氮含量在空間分布上變化特征不明顯。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the increase of population, with a large number of high concentration nitrogen industrial wastewater and domestic sewage discharged into the river, causing a series of ecological environment problems, such as deterioration of water quality, eutrophication, algae outbreak and the reduction of biodiversity. Nitrogen exceed the standard has become one of the major problems of water pollution and global Chinese within the scope of the river, seriously affected the quality of the water environment of the river. Therefore, how to effectively control the nitrogen level, alleviate the harm of nitrogen pollution, has become one of the most urgent environmental issues. In the upper reaches of Hanjiang River as water source of Middle Route Project of South to North Water Transfer in China, the water quality has attracted wide attention in this study. The upper reaches of Hanjiang River water nitrogen pollution problem, select the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River and tributaries of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River water river as the research object (the former impacted by human activities, the Less disturbed), using nitrogen and oxygen isotope technique combined with variance analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods, analysis and comparison of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen pollution in water bodies and two basins, nitrate and suspended particulate source analysis, reveal its biogeochemical significance, provide the reference to the Hanjiang River Basin Water management and water pollution control. The main results are as follows: (1) NO_3~-N is the main form of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River water nitrogen, spatial distribution of NO_3~-N and TN concentration is the same, in some areas with better water quality, nitrogen concentration areas of frequent human activities increased sharply. The annual dynamic display, in 2013-20142014-20152015-2016 three year, 2014-2015 year NO_3~- and TN were significantly higher than other year. This year the worst water quality, higher nitrogen content in Hanjiang River.2015-2016 Tour the water quality has improved, to reduce the degree of pollution. According to the relationship of nitrogen in the water form its origin, found in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River by agricultural activities in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 is affected mainly by the annual city and industrial sewage pollution. On the whole the content of nitrogen in the basin has obvious seasonal dynamics, Feng concentration of nitrogen in water period than in dry season, the annual change in the trend of nitrogen pollution degree is obvious. (2) the seasonal water sources upstream Hanjiang River nitrate was significantly different in.2013 autumn and winter are non growing season, water is mainly affected by the impact of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater.2014 in April (spring water) nitrate comes from soil organic nitrogen, atmospheric deposition and chemical fertilizer, only a few samples located within the city affected by industrial wastewater serious.2014 in July (summer) a section of nitrate From sewage or animal waste, most of April by.2015 effects of soil organic nitrogen or industrial wastewater (spring) water source more nitrate, but limited by rainfall, the main source of chemical fertilizers, sewage, soil organic nitrogen, and industrial wastewater.2015 in July (summer) nitrate nitrogen isotope the average water level is higher, the water nitrate mainly from precipitation, sewage, animal manure and fertilizer.2014 in November (Autumn) and January 2015 (winter), water nitrate mainly comes from rainfall, industrial wastewater and soil organic nitrogen sources, winter rainfall can be ignored during.2015 November to July 2016, wide range of isotope values the distribution reflects the complexity of the water sources of nitrate in this period. The analysis of the relationship between water environment factors and nitrogen isotope analysis using principal components, turbidity and water nitrate Nitrogen isotope values of maximum correlation. Combined with the characteristics of nitrogen pollution, in November 2016 of several representative samples of oxygen isotope water nitrate, the results clearly and accurately identify the source of water nitrate, nitrate concentration and changes in water affected by nitrification and denitrification. (3) Jinshuihe River, nitrate nitrogen is the main form of water soluble inorganic nitrogen, nitrogen concentration of the water phase were higher in dry season, November. The lowest nitrogen concentration in water body shows the spatial distribution characteristics of nitrogen, Jinshuihe river section in the lower nitrogen content, better water quality, and on the downstream interference the relative subject to certain human activities. (4) the nitrate water Jinshuihe River Basin mainly comes from atmospheric deposition, chemical fertilizer, soil organic nitrogen and sewage. The suspended particulate nitrogen from atmospheric deposition and agricultural fertilizer, and different The source of seasonal differences, the winter is mainly affected by human activities. This May 8 15N-SPM suspended particles associated with the nitrogen cycle nitrogen complex in water and terrigenous input value was highest in July, January and November of April, the lowest in January. Nitrification is the dominant factor, each season have effect and decomposition the assimilation, and in July a strong decomposition leads to a higher value. The 15N-SPM value of nitrogen content Jinshuihe water changes in the spatial distribution characteristic is not obvious.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院武漢植物園
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X522

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