本文關(guān)鍵詞：新煙堿類殺蟲劑脅迫下中、意蜂行為和生理響應(yīng)的比較研究　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 新煙堿類殺蟲劑 中華蜜蜂 意大利蜜蜂 蔗糖反應(yīng) 免疫機(jī)制 解毒機(jī)制

【摘要】：新煙堿類殺蟲劑是目前全球范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用最廣泛的一類農(nóng)藥,它們的大量使用對(duì)害蟲有很好的防治作用,但對(duì)不屬于靶標(biāo)類的授粉昆蟲也產(chǎn)生了一定危害。我國是農(nóng)業(yè)大國,蜜蜂作為最主要的授粉昆蟲在農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。本文通過研究新煙堿類殺蟲劑(吡蟲啉和噻蟲胺)對(duì)我國飼養(yǎng)的兩個(gè)主要蜂種——中華蜜蜂(中蜂,Apis cerana cerana)和意大利蜜蜂(意蜂,Apis mellifera L.)的行為、免疫基因表達(dá)量和主要解毒酶活性的影響,分別評(píng)估了這兩種新煙堿類殺蟲劑對(duì)中、意蜂健康的危害。通過比較分析,進(jìn)一步探究中、意蜂對(duì)新煙堿類殺蟲劑免疫機(jī)制和解毒機(jī)制的差異性。首先通過測定吡蟲啉和噻蟲胺對(duì)中、意蜂24h內(nèi)口試LD50,評(píng)估新煙堿類殺蟲劑對(duì)蜜蜂的急性致死毒性。吡蟲啉對(duì)意蜂24 h內(nèi)口試LD50為8.6 ng/只、中蜂1.9ng/只,噻蟲胺對(duì)意蜂24h內(nèi)口試LD50為2.0ng/只,中蜂0.6ng/只。中蜂相比于意蜂對(duì)新煙堿類殺蟲劑更敏感。通過蔗糖反應(yīng)行為實(shí)驗(yàn)和聯(lián)想性學(xué)習(xí)行為實(shí)驗(yàn),分析殺蟲劑對(duì)蜜蜂伸吻學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,新煙堿類殺蟲劑對(duì)中蜂學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力的影響更大。學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,經(jīng)過吡蟲啉處理的意蜂從第四次訓(xùn)練開始,對(duì)照組與處理組伸吻反應(yīng)率差異逐漸縮小,但經(jīng)過處理的中蜂沒有觀察到明顯的恢復(fù)趨勢。通過測定蜜蜂體內(nèi)抗菌肽等免疫基因的表達(dá)量,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析得出,新煙堿類殺蟲劑能夠引起蜜蜂相關(guān)免疫基因表達(dá)量的上調(diào),但上調(diào)趨勢有所差異。Eater基因在中蜂經(jīng)過吡蟲啉經(jīng)過處理后2 h,相對(duì)表達(dá)量達(dá)到峰值,而意蜂在經(jīng)過處理后24 h達(dá)到峰值。Defensin族基因在經(jīng)過處理后的中蜂體內(nèi)表達(dá)量受到明顯抑制,但在意蜂體內(nèi)表達(dá)量明顯上調(diào)。通過新煙堿類殺蟲劑對(duì)兩種蜜蜂解毒酶比活力的檢測,然后對(duì)蜜蜂不同組織部位解毒酶的比活力進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果顯示,意蜂和中蜂解毒酶的比活力沒有明顯差異,但新煙堿類殺蟲劑能夠引起蜜蜂體內(nèi)多酚氧化酶、羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-s-轉(zhuǎn)移酶三種解毒酶的比活力升高,同時(shí)抑制蜜蜂腦部乙酰膽堿酯酶的比活力,說明解毒酶也參與了蜜蜂對(duì)新煙堿類殺蟲劑的防御機(jī)制且新煙堿類殺蟲劑作為神經(jīng)毒劑參與了蜜蜂腦部信號(hào)的傳導(dǎo)。
[Abstract]:New nicotinic insecticides are the most widely used pesticides in the world at present. Their extensive use has a good effect on pest control. But it is harmful to pollination insects that do not belong to target category. China is a big agricultural country. Bee, as the most important pollinating insect, plays an important role in the development of agricultural economy. In this paper, new nicotinic insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethylamine) were studied. The two main species of bees raised in China, the Chinese bee (Chinese bee), are introduced in this paper. The behavior of Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera L., the effect of immune gene expression and main detoxification enzyme activity. The health hazards of these two new nicotinic insecticides were evaluated respectively. The difference of the immune and detoxification mechanisms of Italian bee to new nicotinic insecticides. First, LD50 was determined by measuring imidacloprid and thiaclomide pairs and oral test of Italian bee within 24 hours. To evaluate the acute lethal toxicity of new nicotinic insecticides to honeybees, the oral LD50 of imidacloprid to Italian bees was 8.6ng / mouse, and that of Chinese wasp was 1.9ng. within 24 hours. The oral test LD50 of thiamethylamine was 2.0ng / mouse in 24 hours. The wasp was more sensitive to the new nicotinic insecticides than the Italian wasp. The experiment of sucrose reaction and associative learning behavior was carried out. The effects of insecticides on the ability of learning and memory of honeybee were analyzed. The results showed that the effect of new nicotine insecticides on the ability of learning and memory was greater. From 4th times of training, the difference of the rate of spray-kiss reaction between the control group and the treatment group was reduced gradually after the treatment of imidacloprid. However, no obvious recovery trend was observed in the treated Chinese bee. The expression of antimicrobial peptides and other immune genes in the honeybee was determined by statistical analysis. New nicotinic insecticides could induce the up-regulation of honeybee related immune genes, but the upregulation trend was different. The relative expression of Eater gene reached the peak at 2 h after treated with imidacloprid. However, the expression of the defensin gene reached the peak at 24 h after treatment, and the expression of the gene in the treated wasp was significantly inhibited. The specific activity of detoxification enzyme of two kinds of bees was detected by the new nicotinic insecticides, and then the specific activity of detoxification enzyme in different tissues of honeybee was statistically analyzed. There was no significant difference in the specific activity of detoxifying enzymes between Italian bee and Chinese bee, but the specific activity of polyphenol oxidase, carboxylic acid esterase and glutathione-stransferase were increased by new nicotine insecticides. At the same time, the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase in bee brain was inhibited, which indicated that detoxification enzyme was also involved in the defense mechanism of honeybee against new nicotinic insecticides and that neotinic insecticides were involved in the transmission of brain signals as nerve agents.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S482.3;S895.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 吳艷艷;周婷;Abebe Jenberie WUBIE;王強(qiáng);代平禮;賈慧茹;;吡蟲啉對(duì)成年意大利蜜蜂腦神經(jīng)細(xì)胞致凋亡作用[J];昆蟲學(xué)報(bào);2014年02期

2 王建禮;卜云;任玉鋒;;蘑菇體—昆蟲嗅覺學(xué)習(xí)和記憶中心[J];生命科學(xué)研究;2009年02期

3 李兆英;奚耕思;;中華蜜蜂蕈形體的發(fā)育[J];動(dòng)物學(xué)雜志;2007年02期

4 王國強(qiáng);李曉晨;;昆蟲大腦蘑菇體研究進(jìn)展[J];西安文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2007年01期

，

本文編號(hào)：1420885