本文關(guān)鍵詞：棉花異性纖維識別與計量設(shè)備研制　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 棉花異性纖維 皮棉開松 氣力輸送 識別計量

【摘要】：針對包裹在棉包中的異性纖維進行檢測與計量存在的難題，本文以皮棉開松設(shè)備和皮棉異性纖維檢測、識別設(shè)備為重點研究對象，利用機械學(xué)、光學(xué)、電學(xué)、氣力輸送技術(shù)、機器視覺技術(shù)等，研究了基于氣流傳送的棉花異性纖維識別計量系統(tǒng)；該系統(tǒng)共分為棉料傳送系統(tǒng)、開松系統(tǒng)、檢測計量系統(tǒng)、集料系統(tǒng)和電氣系統(tǒng)等五大部分。具體如下： (1)棉料輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。異性纖維包裹在打包皮棉中，皮棉在送入主開松系統(tǒng)之前需要進行預(yù)開松與傳送。該系統(tǒng)主要包括進料槽、棉料傳送機構(gòu)、動力與調(diào)速裝置3部分。經(jīng)試驗該部分能夠良好實現(xiàn)皮棉預(yù)開松與棉料傳送功能。 (2)皮棉開松系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。為對包裹在棉包中的異性纖維進行準確的檢測與計量，需首先對打包皮棉進行充分開松，因此設(shè)計了皮棉開松系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)主要包括上開松殼、下開松殼、開松輥、動力與調(diào)速裝置4部分。通過試驗表明，該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)⑵っ蕹浞珠_松，開松后皮棉為雪花狀，包裹在皮棉中的異性纖維充分暴露在表面，為后續(xù)檢測系統(tǒng)對皮棉中的異性纖維進行準確的檢測與計量提供了基礎(chǔ)。 (3)檢測計量系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。檢測計量系統(tǒng)包括“U”型扁方口輸棉管道、黑白、彩色雙CCD相機、紫外、白光雙LED光源、工控機系統(tǒng)、相機視場距離調(diào)節(jié)機構(gòu)、可調(diào)式LED光源支架、可調(diào)式亞光背景板、CCD視場亞克力板固定機構(gòu)、管道雙側(cè)掏棉防堵塞機構(gòu)。在風機作用下，，待檢皮棉經(jīng)拋料彎道水平進入上部輸棉通道，先由彩色高速CCD相機配合白光光源進行線掃描攝取圖像，經(jīng)一次檢測后的皮棉沿輸棉通道下落轉(zhuǎn)向水平進入下部CCD視場區(qū)，由黑白高速CCD相機配合紫外光源進行二次線掃描圖像攝取，并通過圖像采集卡將圖像信號送入工控機進行處理。 (4)集料系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計。集料系統(tǒng)由離心風機、“天圓地方”連接管道及集料箱組成。離心風機通過調(diào)速，既可以調(diào)節(jié)梳棉通道內(nèi)待檢皮棉的流速又可通過離心力將檢測完成的皮棉甩出。而集料箱正對管道面設(shè)活門開小網(wǎng)眼孔、左右上三面開大孔的設(shè)計，既確保了風機氣流的暢通，又防止了較小的棉絮被吹出，同時整面可取下的活門保證了實驗結(jié)束后清棉的方便性。 (5)電器系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。電氣系統(tǒng)由強電系統(tǒng)與弱電系統(tǒng)兩部分構(gòu)成，其中傾斜傳送帶速度、開松輥速度、風機轉(zhuǎn)速由三個變頻器控制三個相應(yīng)電機調(diào)節(jié)，實現(xiàn)無級變速與精確控制。LED光源、CCD相機、各變頻器最終由工控機控制實現(xiàn)自動控制與軟控制。 （6）通過試驗，確定了適可將打包皮棉充分開松，且異性纖維保持完好的開松輥與傳送帶的最佳速度匹配；試驗得出，可使檢測系統(tǒng)對進行充分的識別與精確計量最適管道風速；最終驗證了整套設(shè)備的實驗效果。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the problems of package detection and measurement in foreign fiber bales, the lint opening equipment and cotton foreign fiber detection, identification equipment as the main object of study, the use of mechanical, optical, electrical, pneumatic conveying technology, machine vision technology, research the air delivery cotton identification metering system based on the system; consists of material delivery system for cotton, opening system, measurement system, aggregate system and electrical system of five parts as follows:
(1) the design and implementation of the cotton conveying system. The fibers wrapped in cotton lint needs to be packaged, pre opening and transfer before sending in the opening system. The system mainly comprises a feeding trough, cotton material transfer mechanism, power and speed regulating device of 3 parts. The parts can achieve good pre opening and lint cotton transfer function.
(2) the design and implementation of the system. For the opening of lint detection and measurement of encapsulated in anisotropic fiber bales accurate, must first fully opening rally bale, so the lint opening system design, this system mainly includes the opening on the shell, under the loose shell, opening roller the 4 part, power and speed control device. The experiment proved that the system can be fully opened lint lint is loose, snowflake, wrapped in the lint fibers fully exposed on the surface, provide a basis for the subsequent detection system detection and accurate measurement of foreign fibers in cotton.
(3) the design and implementation of measurement system. Measurement system includes a "U" type of flat square cotton pipeline, black and white, double color CCD camera, UV light, double LED light source, computer system, camera field of view distance adjusting mechanism, adjustable LED light source bracket, adjustable matte background board. The field of CCD acrylic plate fixing mechanism, anti blocking mechanism of bilateral cut cotton pipeline. Under the action of the fan, detected by throwing lint cotton conveying channel into the upper level curve, the high-speed CCD camera with white light color line scan image, once after the detection of lint cotton conveying channel along the fall into the level of steering the lower part of the CCD field of view, by the black and white high-speed CCD camera with UV light for the two line scan image uptake, and through the image signal is sent into the computer for processing the image acquisition card.
(4) the design of aggregate. The aggregate system consists of centrifugal fan, the "triangle" connecting pipe and a material collecting box. The centrifugal fan through the speed, throw can adjust the carding channel detected lint velocity but also through centrifugal force will detect the completion of the material collecting box is lint. To open a small valve pipe surface with holes, the design holes on three side, both to ensure that the fan air flow, and prevent the small wadding blown out at the same time, the entire surface of the valve to ensure the desirable convenience of cleaning after the end of the experiment.
(5) the design and implementation of electrical system. The electrical system is composed of two parts of the power system and the weak system, the inclined conveyor speed, opening roller speed, fan speed by three inverter control three corresponding motor adjustment, stepless speed change and precise control of.LED light source, CCD camera, the inverter by industrial control machine control to achieve automatic control and soft control.
(6) through the experiment, optimal packing can be fully opened and lint, fibers keep opening the best speed roller and the conveyor belt, intact; test results show that the detection system can make the most suitable for full pipeline speed identification and accurate measurement; finally verified the experimental results of whole set of equipment.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TS111.9

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