本文關(guān)鍵詞： 青海海北 牧區(qū)牧民定居建筑 地域適應(yīng)性 設(shè)計(jì)研究　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：青海是我國(guó)四大牧區(qū)之一,牧區(qū)面積占全省總面積的96%。海北藏族自治州位于青海省東北部,是青海省畜牧業(yè)的重點(diǎn)區(qū),全州農(nóng)牧區(qū)總?cè)丝跒?1.49萬(wàn)人,占全州人口的75.8%。牧民的居住質(zhì)量關(guān)系著海北州以及青海牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。海北地區(qū)定居建筑現(xiàn)狀存在著嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。大量的調(diào)研結(jié)果表明,由于海北地區(qū)地處高原,氣候嚴(yán)寒,采暖期漫長(zhǎng),當(dāng)?shù)囟ň咏ㄖ嬖诘闹饕獑?wèn)題是在采暖期內(nèi)建筑室內(nèi)溫度過(guò)低,牧民對(duì)于定居建筑中室內(nèi)熱環(huán)境舒適的需求要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他要素;海北地區(qū)定居建筑受到現(xiàn)有的能源和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)條件的約束,建筑中無(wú)法采用空調(diào)等高能耗采暖系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行采暖。在國(guó)家大力實(shí)行牧民定居工程的大背景下,定居工程中的建筑應(yīng)具有一定的社會(huì)效應(yīng)和示范作用,但現(xiàn)有定居工程項(xiàng)目中建筑存在著諸如選址不當(dāng)、房屋空間布局不合理、功能分區(qū)混亂、建筑施工質(zhì)量差、室內(nèi)溫度低以及建筑形態(tài)失去了原有地域文化傳承等問(wèn)題,無(wú)法滿足社會(huì)和牧民需求;綜合上述兩方面的問(wèn)題,牧民定居建筑設(shè)計(jì)需要全面結(jié)合建筑的空間功能布局、建筑形態(tài)、建筑構(gòu)造以及能源利用等要素進(jìn)行綜合考慮。本文以海北藏族自治州牧民定居建筑為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)海北地區(qū)自然地理、社會(huì)文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)環(huán)境的系統(tǒng)分析,以及對(duì)定居建筑現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研,掌握定居建筑發(fā)展的地域背景,總結(jié)了牧民定居建筑發(fā)展的影響因素和地域性特征;在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)海北地區(qū)定居建筑的演變歷程、建筑空間、形態(tài)、技術(shù)的演變等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行深入分析,提出了牧民定居建筑的演變規(guī)律,為牧民定居建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)對(duì)青海海北牧民定居建筑的現(xiàn)狀分析和室內(nèi)物理環(huán)境測(cè)試分析,揭示了當(dāng)前該地區(qū)牧民定居建筑面臨的三大問(wèn)題:1.建筑空間及使用方面存在室外環(huán)境差,功能布局不合理和建造質(zhì)量較差等問(wèn)題;2.室內(nèi)物理環(huán)境方面存在室內(nèi)溫度過(guò)低,采光通風(fēng)不足,空氣質(zhì)量差等不舒適問(wèn)題;3.能源使用方面存在傳統(tǒng)采暖方式效率低下,而太陽(yáng)能利用方法單一甚至錯(cuò)誤等問(wèn)題。問(wèn)題的提出為牧民定居建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供現(xiàn)實(shí)依據(jù)。結(jié)合海北牧民定居建筑的演變規(guī)律和現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題,提出適宜于海北地區(qū)的牧民定居建筑地域適應(yīng)性的設(shè)計(jì)策略,并引入太陽(yáng)能建筑一體化設(shè)計(jì)方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合示范工程實(shí)例隊(duì)該建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略的有效性進(jìn)行探討。通過(guò)本文研究,初步達(dá)到了預(yù)期效果,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)示范工程進(jìn)行的客觀測(cè)試和主觀滿意度評(píng)價(jià),證明設(shè)計(jì)方法有效,且為廣大定居牧民所接受;研究結(jié)果為牧區(qū)牧民自建定居建筑和對(duì)牧民定居工程項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)工作提供了理論指導(dǎo),促進(jìn)了高原牧區(qū)牧民定居的人居環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了改善牧民生產(chǎn)生活條件,提高自然資源利用率,構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)和建設(shè)節(jié)約型社會(huì)的目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Qinghai is one of the four major pastoral areas in China, and the pastoral area accounts for 96% of the total area of the province. Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the northeast of Qinghai Province and is the key area of animal husbandry in Qinghai Province, with a total population of 214,900 people. The living quality of herdsmen is related to the sustainable development of economy and ecology in Haibei state and Qinghai pastoral area. Because Haibei is located on the plateau, the climate is cold and the heating period is long, the main problem of the local residential buildings is that the indoor temperature of the buildings is too low during the heating period. Herdsmen's demand for indoor thermal comfort in residential buildings is much higher than other elements; residential buildings in Haibei are constrained by existing energy and economic and technological conditions. High energy consumption heating systems such as air conditioning can not be used in buildings. In the context of the country's vigorous implementation of herdsman settlement projects, the buildings in settlement projects should have certain social effects and demonstration functions. However, there are some problems in the existing settlement projects, such as improper location, unreasonable space layout of houses, confusion of functional zoning, poor construction quality, low indoor temperature and the loss of the original regional cultural heritage of the architectural form, etc. Can not meet the needs of society and herdsmen; to integrate the above two aspects, pastoralist settlement architecture design needs to fully integrate the spatial functional layout of the building, architectural form, This paper takes the pastoralist settlement architecture of Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as the research object, through the systematic analysis of the physical geography, social culture and economic and technological environment of Haibei region. Based on the investigation of the present situation of settlement architecture, the regional background of settlement architecture development, the influencing factors and regional characteristics of herdsmen's settlement architecture development, the evolution course, architectural space and form of settlement architecture in Haibei area are summarized. The evolution of technology and other contents are analyzed, and the evolution law of herdsman settlement building is put forward, which provides the theoretical basis for the design of herdsman settlement building. Through the analysis of the present situation of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei, Qinghai province and the analysis of indoor physical environment test, It is revealed that there are three major problems facing the herdsmen settlement buildings in this area at present: 1.The outdoor environment is poor in the building space and use, the function layout is unreasonable and the construction quality is poor. 2. The indoor physical environment is too low in temperature. Inadequate lighting and ventilation, poor air quality and other uncomfortable problems. 3. Traditional heating methods are inefficient in energy use. However, the solar energy utilization method is single or even wrong. The proposal of the problem provides a realistic basis for the design of herdsmen settlement building. Combined with the evolution law of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei and the existing problems, This paper puts forward a design strategy suitable for the regional adaptability of herdsmen settlement building in Haibei area, and introduces the integrated design method of solar energy building. On this basis, the effectiveness of the architectural design strategy is discussed in combination with the demonstration project team. Through the research in this paper, the expected results are preliminarily achieved, and the objective test and subjective satisfaction evaluation of the demonstration project are carried out. It is proved that the design method is effective and accepted by the majority of settled herdsmen, and the research results provide theoretical guidance for the pastoral herdsmen to build their own settlement buildings and design the herdsmen settlement engineering projects. It promotes the sustainable development of the settlement environment of herdsmen in highland pastoral areas, thus realizing the goal of improving the production and living conditions of herdsmen, raising the utilization rate of natural resources, building a harmonious society and building a conservation-type society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU241.5
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本文編號(hào)：1513134