本文關鍵詞： 駕駛員耳旁噪聲 有限元法 模態(tài)分析 聲學貢獻度　出處：《山東大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：挖掘機的廣泛使用和挖掘機行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展,人們對挖掘機提出了更高的使用性需求。除基本的工作使用性能,挖掘機的NVH性能優(yōu)劣成為了各生產廠家相互競爭的焦點。駕駛室內噪聲作為重要的NVH性能指標,關乎駕駛員的身心健康、工作效率以及生產安全。挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲控制方法研究具有重要的實際意義和應用價值。本文結合履帶式液壓挖掘機噪聲性能改進的工程實踐,開展了基于模態(tài)聲學貢獻度分析的挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲控制方法應用研究。首先,在總結國內外相關研究的基礎上,提出了針對挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲控制的模態(tài)聲學貢獻度理論框架。結合挖掘機結構特征,確定駕駛室和回轉平臺是駕駛室內噪聲的主要影響結構,進而建立起了包含駕駛室、回轉平臺和減振器的結構有限元模型和駕駛室聲腔有限元數(shù)值計算模型。其次,利用已建立的聲固耦合模型計算了駕駛室和回轉平臺的結構模態(tài)以及駕駛員耳旁聲壓響應,在分析駕駛員耳旁聲壓頻率特征的基礎上,將主要的聲壓峰值頻率確定為研究對象。在模態(tài)聲學貢獻度理論框架的指導下,分別計算了駕駛室和回轉平臺的結構模態(tài)對于峰值頻率處聲壓的聲學貢獻度,提取了各峰值頻率處聲壓的前三階主導模態(tài)信息。最后,基于模態(tài)聲學貢獻度計算結果,在綜合分析各主導模態(tài)振型特征的基礎上,分別制定了駕駛室和回轉平臺的結構整改方案,并在仿真環(huán)境中驗證了整改措施的有效性。樣車試制后,通過試驗采集了整改前后挖掘機駕駛室及回轉平臺關鍵部位的聲振信號。對比發(fā)現(xiàn),整改后的駕駛員耳旁1／3A計權聲壓級降低了2.2dB,同時,駕駛室及回轉平臺上各觀測點在垂直方向上的振動加速度均方根值均出現(xiàn)不同程度的降低。結果表明,結構整改措施可有效降低以駕駛員耳旁噪聲為代表的挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲,對于振動性能亦有改善�；谀B(tài)聲學貢獻度分析的挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲控制方法,建立起了系統(tǒng)的結構模態(tài)與聲學響應之間的數(shù)學關系。在挖掘機駕駛室內噪聲控制應用中,將駕駛室和回轉平臺的結構模態(tài)按照對于駕駛員耳旁聲壓的貢獻程度排序,進而快速、準確地篩選出影響聲壓的關鍵結構模態(tài),使結構整改工作有的放矢,為降低駕駛室內噪聲提供指導。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of excavators and the rapid development of excavator industry, people put forward higher operational requirements for excavators. The NVH performance of excavator has become the focus of competition among manufacturers. As an important NVH performance index, noise in the cab is related to the physical and mental health of the driver. The research of noise control method in excavator cab has important practical significance and application value. This paper combines the engineering practice of improving the noise performance of crawler hydraulic excavator. Based on modal acoustic contribution analysis, the application of noise control method in excavator cab is studied. Firstly, based on the summary of relevant research at home and abroad, A theoretical framework of modal acoustic contribution for noise control in excavator cab is proposed. Combining with the structural characteristics of excavator, it is determined that the cab and rotating platform are the main influence structures of noise in the cab, and then the cab is established. The structural finite element model of the rotary platform and the vibration absorber and the finite element numerical model of the cab cavity. Secondly, the structural modes of the cab and the rotary platform and the response of the driver's sound pressure beside the ear are calculated by using the established acoustic structure coupling model. Based on the analysis of the frequency characteristics of the driver's ear pressure, the main peak frequency of sound pressure is determined as the object of study. Under the guidance of the theory of modal acoustic contribution, The acoustic contribution of the structural modes of the cab and the rotating platform to the sound pressure at the peak frequency is calculated, and the first three dominant modal information of the sound pressure at the peak frequency are extracted. Finally, based on the results of the modal acoustic contribution, On the basis of synthetically analyzing the modal characteristics of each dominant mode, the structural rectification schemes of the cab and the rotary platform are worked out, and the effectiveness of the rectification measures is verified in the simulation environment. The acoustic and vibration signals of the excavator's cab and the key parts of the rotary platform were collected by experiments. The comparison shows that the sound pressure level of 1 / 3 A weight of the driver's ear is reduced by 2.2 dB after the improvement. The root-mean-square values of vibration acceleration in the vertical direction of each observation point on the cab and the rotary platform are decreased to some extent. The results show that, The structural modification measures can effectively reduce the noise in the cab of excavator, which is represented by the driver's ear noise, and improve the vibration performance. The noise control method of excavator cab based on modal acoustic contribution analysis is presented. The mathematical relationship between the structural modes of the system and the acoustic response is established. In the application of noise control in the cab of the excavator, the structural modes of the cab and the rotating platform are sorted according to the contribution to the driver's ear sound pressure. Furthermore, the key structural modes affecting sound pressure can be quickly and accurately screened out, so that the structural rectification can be targeted, and the guidance can be provided for reducing the noise in the cab.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TU621

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