本文關(guān)鍵詞： 工程項(xiàng)目 成本動(dòng)態(tài)控制 多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化　出處：《武漢理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：建筑業(yè)投資規(guī)模大,效益輻射廣,是我國(guó)支柱型產(chǎn)業(yè)。但隨著競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的愈加激烈,行業(yè)內(nèi)部利潤(rùn)空間也受到急劇壓縮。如何調(diào)整管理模式,實(shí)現(xiàn)高效而全面的成本管理已成為企業(yè)在生存和發(fā)展中面臨的重要問題。本文通過分析成本管理現(xiàn)狀,針對(duì)成本管理中出現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)不明、管理片面、過程被動(dòng)、缺乏完善的制度等問題,結(jié)合成本管理的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),提出多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化下的成本動(dòng)態(tài)管理這一概念。然后,通過對(duì)成本動(dòng)態(tài)管理體系特征、構(gòu)建條件及內(nèi)部機(jī)制的介紹,從責(zé)任、目標(biāo)及動(dòng)態(tài)執(zhí)行三個(gè)方面構(gòu)建了基于多目標(biāo)協(xié)調(diào)的成本動(dòng)態(tài)管理體系。其中,責(zé)任體系明確了組織層次、職能分配,將責(zé)任成本細(xì)化到人,實(shí)現(xiàn)了成本的全員控制;目標(biāo)體系將項(xiàng)目各目標(biāo)逐層劃分,并根據(jù)具體情況進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)優(yōu)化,是成本管理的基礎(chǔ);而執(zhí)行體系包括計(jì)劃、控制和考核三個(gè)方面,介紹了動(dòng)態(tài)管理全面實(shí)施的各個(gè)階段。緊接著,為了將多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化引入傳統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)控制中,本文通過對(duì)工期、質(zhì)量、安全、成本四大目標(biāo)間的關(guān)系分析,以成本為核心,建立了多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。利用模型對(duì)初始目標(biāo)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,以優(yōu)化后的目標(biāo)為依據(jù),進(jìn)行計(jì)劃的編制和調(diào)整,從而指導(dǎo)成本的動(dòng)態(tài)控制。最后,本文將多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型應(yīng)用于具體案例中,通過介紹多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化下的成本動(dòng)態(tài)控制的實(shí)施流程及效果,說明基于多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化的成本管理具有現(xiàn)實(shí)可行性。本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:(1)將多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化引入成本動(dòng)態(tài)管理中,在傳統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)管理的基礎(chǔ)上改變了計(jì)劃的編制思路,并加入了計(jì)劃的實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)整,使成本控制得以綜合考慮其他各因素的影響,實(shí)現(xiàn)控制的全面性;(2)在傳統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量-工期-成本模型中加入安全目標(biāo),以質(zhì)量成本、安全成本、成本及工期構(gòu)成的優(yōu)化指數(shù)作為目標(biāo)函數(shù),其他關(guān)系函數(shù)作為約束條件,從而構(gòu)建了以成本為核心的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型,以實(shí)現(xiàn)多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化在成本控制中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Construction industry is a pillar industry of our country because of its large scale of investment and wide benefit. However, with the fierce competition, the profit space within the industry has also been sharply compressed. How to adjust the management mode, The realization of efficient and comprehensive cost management has become an important problem in the survival and development of enterprises. By analyzing the current situation of cost management, this paper aims at the problems of unclear objectives, one-sided management and passive process in cost management. Based on the development trend of cost management, the concept of dynamic cost management under multi-objective optimization is put forward. The cost dynamic management system based on multi-objective coordination is constructed in the three aspects of goal and dynamic execution, in which the responsibility system defines the organization level, the function distribution, the responsibility cost is refined to the person, and the cost control is realized. The goal system is the basis of cost management by dividing the objectives of the project layer by layer and dynamically optimizing according to the specific situation, while the execution system includes three aspects: planning, control and evaluation. Then, in order to introduce multi-objective optimization into the traditional dynamic control, this paper analyzes the relationship among the four goals of time limit, quality, safety and cost, and takes cost as the core. A multi-objective optimization model is established. The initial objective is optimized by using the model. Based on the optimized objectives, the plan is compiled and adjusted to guide the dynamic control of the cost. In this paper, the multi-objective optimization model is applied to a specific case, and the implementation process and effect of cost dynamic control under multi-objective optimization are introduced. It is shown that the cost management based on multi-objective optimization is feasible. The innovation of this paper is as follows: 1) the multi-objective optimization is introduced into the cost dynamic management, and the planning thinking is changed on the basis of the traditional dynamic management. By adding the real-time adjustment of the plan, the cost control can comprehensively consider the influence of other factors, and realize the comprehensive control of the safety target in the traditional quality-time-cost model, so that the quality cost and the safety cost can be added into the traditional quality-time-cost model, so that the quality cost and the safety cost can be taken into account. The optimization index composed of cost and duration is taken as objective function and other relational functions are taken as constraint conditions, so a multi-objective optimization model with cost as the core is constructed to realize the application of multi-objective optimization in cost control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU723.3

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