本文關(guān)鍵詞： 寧波軟黏土 杭州軟黏土 非線性 大應(yīng)變 固結(jié) 指數(shù)滲流模型 次固結(jié)效應(yīng) 非飽和土 宏觀試驗(yàn) 微觀試驗(yàn) 真空預(yù)壓 數(shù)值模擬　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：上世紀(jì)20年代Terzaghi創(chuàng)立了固結(jié)理論,一個(gè)世紀(jì)以來固結(jié)理論一直是土力學(xué)領(lǐng)域的基本課題之一。為了使固結(jié)理論與實(shí)際情況更為接近,眾多學(xué)者逐步摒棄Terzaghi的若干假設(shè),發(fā)展了大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論、非Darcy固結(jié)理論、非飽和土固結(jié)理論等理論分支,大大地豐富了固結(jié)理論體系。另一方面,深厚軟黏土層廣泛分布于我國沿河、沿江和沿海地區(qū)。巖土工程師們發(fā)現(xiàn)軟黏土地基會(huì)引起顯著的地表變形。顯然,對于軟土地基上的工程,傳統(tǒng)的小應(yīng)變假設(shè)不再適用,應(yīng)采用大應(yīng)變假定。大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論已發(fā)展數(shù)十年,但目前尚未全面考慮非線性壓縮、非線性滲流、非Darcy滲流、次固結(jié)效應(yīng)、非飽和等因素。本文通過理論和試驗(yàn)研究,對軟黏土地基的大應(yīng)變固結(jié)問題進(jìn)行了深入的探討,主要工作有： (1)開展了三維大應(yīng)變控制方程組的建立和簡化工作�；谄胶夥匠�、本構(gòu)方程、幾何方程、有效應(yīng)力原理、Darcy定律和滲流連續(xù)方程,在Euler坐標(biāo)下推導(dǎo)了三維大應(yīng)變固結(jié)控制方程組。之后分別在三維、二維和一維情況下將該固結(jié)控制方程組進(jìn)行簡化,將多維問題與一維問題聯(lián)系起來。 (2)考慮非線性壓縮和滲流,進(jìn)行大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論的研究工作。開展寧波軟土室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),得到滲透系數(shù)及有效應(yīng)力與孔隙比的非線性關(guān)系。考慮非線性壓縮和滲流,提出非線性大應(yīng)變控制方程。根據(jù)試驗(yàn)參數(shù)對準(zhǔn)確考慮自重影響的非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)問題進(jìn)行研究,將超靜孔壓計(jì)算結(jié)果和Gibson方程解進(jìn)行比較。之后對簡化考慮自重影響的非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)問題進(jìn)行研究,將超靜孔壓計(jì)算結(jié)果和Gibson方程解、Terzaghi方程解進(jìn)行比較。 (3)對非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)中的滲透指數(shù)、水力梯度、土體自重影響開展進(jìn)一步的研究工作。根據(jù)寧波、上海和杭州軟土已有的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),總結(jié)出適合不同軟土滲透指數(shù)和初始孔隙比的經(jīng)驗(yàn)關(guān)系式。之后研究了非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)過程中的水力梯度變化,著重研究荷載大小和土層深度對水力梯度變化的影響�？偨Y(jié)出水力梯度的變化規(guī)律,并與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果比較。將水力梯度變化曲線劃分為五個(gè)階段,并應(yīng)用該劃分方法解釋固結(jié)過程中不同類型孔隙水的運(yùn)移。此后,研究不同土體自重考慮方法對大應(yīng)變固結(jié)的影響,比較不同外荷載下和不同土層厚度時(shí)不同方法的計(jì)算結(jié)果,最后對不同方法的適用性進(jìn)行評價(jià)。 (4)考慮指數(shù)滲流模型,開展非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論的研究工作。對杭州軟土開展室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),得到非線性壓縮和滲流的表達(dá)式。之后考慮指數(shù)滲流模型、非線性壓縮和滲流,改進(jìn)了已有的大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論并推導(dǎo)得到控制方程�；谑覂�(nèi)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,分析了不同滲流指數(shù)對超靜孔壓、沉降、固結(jié)度計(jì)算結(jié)果的影響。 (5)考慮次固結(jié)效應(yīng),進(jìn)行非線性大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論的研究工作。開展杭州軟土室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),得到次固結(jié)系數(shù)等計(jì)算參數(shù)�；趯Υ喂探Y(jié)效應(yīng)的若干假設(shè),改進(jìn)了已有大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論中的滲流連續(xù)方程�？紤]非線性壓縮和滲流,推導(dǎo)得到了控制方程�；谠囼�(yàn)所得參數(shù),采用以上方法以及兩種已有方法分析算例。比較不同方法的超靜孔壓計(jì)算結(jié)果,并將不同方法的沉降計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)測結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。 (6)開展非飽和土大應(yīng)變固結(jié)理論的初步研究工作。將非飽和土受荷后的變形過程分為瞬時(shí)壓縮階段和固結(jié)變形階段。在固結(jié)變形階段考慮幾何非線性,根據(jù)土體應(yīng)力平衡方程,孔隙流體流動(dòng)平衡方程和孔隙水流動(dòng)平衡方程,應(yīng)用Bishop非飽和土有效應(yīng)力原理以及Fredlund—Xing土水特征曲線模型,推導(dǎo)了非飽和土大應(yīng)變固結(jié)控制方程組。 (7)開展杭州軟黏土宏觀-微觀雙尺度試驗(yàn)研究。對有代表性的原狀土樣開展了X射線能譜試驗(yàn)、X射線衍射試驗(yàn)、壓汞試驗(yàn)、掃描電鏡試驗(yàn),觀察天然土樣內(nèi)的孔隙尺寸分布和微觀形貌。之后進(jìn)行了一維普通固結(jié)和流變固結(jié)試驗(yàn),并針對不同固結(jié)程度的土樣開展了壓汞試驗(yàn)和掃描電鏡試驗(yàn),對土樣的宏觀特和微觀力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行探討。 (8)根據(jù)江蘇省連云港市某真空預(yù)壓工程,對塑料排水板地基進(jìn)行三維固結(jié)數(shù)值模擬。首先基于考慮長、短排水板的三維模型,計(jì)算不同工況并分析長、短塑料排水板對軟土地基排水固結(jié)的影響。之后建立了不考慮排水板的三維模型,變化該模型處理區(qū)各土層的滲透系數(shù)進(jìn)行多次計(jì)算,逐步逼近考慮長、短排水板的沉降計(jì)算結(jié)果,得到處理區(qū)土體的等效滲透系數(shù)。最后建立大場地的三維模型,將等效滲透系數(shù)應(yīng)用于該模型中,并將沉降計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)測結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較。
[Abstract]:In 20s Terzaghi founded a century of consolidation theory, consolidation theory is one of the basic topics in the field of soil mechanics. In order to make the theory of consolidation and much closer to the actual situation, some scholars gradually abandoned the hypothesis of Terzaghi, the development of the large strain consolidation theory, non Darcy consolidation theory, consolidation theory of unsaturated soils. The theory of branch, has greatly enriched the theory of consolidation system. On the other hand, the deep soft clay is widely distributed in our country along the river, along the Yangtze River and the coastal area. Geotechnical engineers have found that soft clay will cause significant surface deformation. Obviously, for the soft soil foundation engineering, the traditional assumption of no small strain for the strain assumption. Large strain consolidation theory has been developed for decades, but has yet to fully consider the nonlinear compression, nonlinear seepage, non Darcy flow, secondary consolidation effect, non saturation and other factors. Through theoretical and experimental research, the problem of large strain consolidation of soft clay foundation is discussed in this paper.
(1) the establishment of 3D large strain control equations and simplify the work. Based on the equilibrium equation, constitutive equation, geometric equation, effective stress principle, Darcy's law and the continuity equation of seepage in Euler coordinates derived 3D large strain consolidation equations. Then in 3D, 2D and 1D case the consolidation equations are simplified, linked with one-dimensional multi-dimensional problems.
(2) considering the nonlinear compression and seepage, research work is carried out. The large strain consolidation theory of soft soil in Ningbo by indoor test, the permeability coefficient and the effective non-linear relation between stress and void ratio. Considering the nonlinear compression and seepage, the nonlinear large strain control equation. According to the study of nonlinear large strain consolidation problem of test parameters considering the accurate effect of weight, the excess pore pressure through the comparison of the calculated results and solutions of the Gibson equation. After the study of simplified nonlinear large strain consolidation of the weight, the pore pressure calculation results and Gibson equation, compare the solutions of Terzaghi equation.
(3) on the permeability index, nonlinear large strain consolidation of hydraulic gradient, soil gravity affect the further research work. According to the test data of Shanghai and Ningbo, the soft soil in Hangzhou, summed up the different soft soil permeability index and initial void ratio. The empirical relationship of hydraulic gradient change process of nonlinear the influence of strain consolidation, focuses on the change of hydraulic gradient load and soil depth. Summed up the changes of the hydraulic gradient, and compared with the experimental results. The hydraulic gradient change curve is divided into five stages, the migration of different types of pore water and the application of the classification method of interpretation in the process of consolidation. Then, study the different considering the soil weight method for large strain consolidation, the calculation results of different methods are compared under different load and different soil thickness, finally apply to different methods Evaluation of sex.
(4) index to carry out research work flow model considering nonlinear large strain consolidation theory. To carry out laboratory tests of Hangzhou soft soil, obtained the nonlinear compression and seepage. After considering the exponential seepage model, nonlinear compression and seepage, improved the existing large strain consolidation theory and derive control equation based on the indoor test. Analysis of the different index of seepage, pore pressure, settlement, the effect of degree of consolidation.
(5) considering the secondary consolidation effect, the research work carried out nonlinear large strain consolidation theory of soft soil in Hangzhou. To carry out laboratory tests, the calculated parameters of the coefficient of secondary consolidation. Some assumptions on the secondary consolidation effect based on improved continuous seepage equation has a large strain consolidation theory. Considering the nonlinear compression and seepage are deduced the control equation. The parameters from the tests based on the above method and two kinds of existing methods analysis examples. The comparison of different methods of pore pressure and settlement calculation results, different methods of calculation results and the measured results were compared.
(6) to carry out the work of non large strain consolidation theory of saturated soil. The deformation process of saturated soil under loading is divided into instantaneous compression stage and consolidation deformation stage. In the stage of consolidation deformation considering geometric nonlinearity, according to the soil stress balance equation, pore fluid flow balance equation and pore water flow balance equation, application Bishop principle of effective stress of unsaturated soil and Fredlund - Xing model of soil water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil is deduced, large strain consolidation equations.
(7) to carry out the Hangzhou soft clay macro micro dual scale experiment. The undisturbed soil samples representative of the developed X ray energy spectrum test, X ray diffraction test, mercury injection test and SEM test, observation of pore size distribution in the natural soil and morphology. After the ordinary one-dimensional consolidation and the rheological consolidation test, and according to the different soil consolidation degree to carry out the mercury injection test and SEM test, macro and micro mechanical properties of soil are discussed.
(8) according to the Jiangsu city in Lianyungang Province, a project of vacuum preloading consolidation numerical 3D simulation of plastic drainage plate foundation. Based on the three-dimensional model considering the long, short drains, calculation and analysis of different conditions of long, short of plastic drainage plate on the drainage consolidation of soft soil foundation. After the establishment of the 3D model is not considered drainage plate, variation of permeability coefficient in the model of the soil treatment area to calculate, gradually approaching the settlement results considering the long, short drains calculation, equivalent treatment soil permeability coefficient. Finally the establishment of three-dimensional model of large field, the equivalent permeability coefficient is applied to the model, and the calculation results and the settlement the measured results were compared.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TU447

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