中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差成因分析及對策
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-22 14:32
【摘要】：如今，服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展已成為推動(dòng)世界各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的主要趨勢，，且服務(wù)貿(mào)易在中國對外貿(mào)易中所占比重也越來越大。但是，自2000年以來，中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易一直處于逆差狀態(tài)，截止2013年底中國已經(jīng)成為世界上第一服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差國。雖然中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易規(guī)模在逐年擴(kuò)大，但是中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差現(xiàn)象卻也越來越嚴(yán)重，長此以往，必會(huì)使中國資源外流和外債增加，進(jìn)而嚴(yán)重影響中國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。雖然美國在金融危機(jī)中經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受到重創(chuàng)，但美國在世界上仍然是第一大服務(wù)貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國，這對中國發(fā)展服務(wù)貿(mào)易來講具有借鑒意義。在中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差中，其中逆差比重所占份額最大的是中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差，且近年來中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差擴(kuò)大趨勢顯著提高，因此有必要切實(shí)深入地對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差成因問題進(jìn)行分析。通過對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差成因的分析，一方面可以根據(jù)分析結(jié)果提出具有針對性的改善中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題的建議，另一方面也可以為更好地分析和解決中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題提供理論基礎(chǔ)并指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐。本文研究的首要目的是改善中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題，促進(jìn)中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)貨物貿(mào)易與服務(wù)貿(mào)易的協(xié)調(diào)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 本文以比較優(yōu)勢理論、競爭優(yōu)勢理論以及貿(mào)易引力模型為理論支撐，以分析中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差的成因?yàn)楸疚难芯康牧⒆泓c(diǎn)，通過對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差成因問題的定性分析和實(shí)證分析，最終總結(jié)出導(dǎo)致中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差的根本原因，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出改善中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題的針對性合理建議。 本文共分為六大部分。第一部分是引言部分，主要介紹了選題背景、研究意義、研究目的、研究方法、研究內(nèi)容、相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)綜述及創(chuàng)新與不足之處。第二部分是相關(guān)概念及理論基礎(chǔ)，主要包括服務(wù)貿(mào)易的概念、比較優(yōu)勢理論與競爭優(yōu)勢理論以及貿(mào)易引力模型。第三部分主要介紹了中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差現(xiàn)狀，首先從總體上對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)出口狀況及逆差總額進(jìn)行了分析，然后又對每個(gè)主要逆差行業(yè)作了具體分析。第四部分是用定性分析的方法從貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、貨物貿(mào)易、信息通信技術(shù)、人才與法律六個(gè)方面對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差成因問題作出了分析。第五部分運(yùn)用實(shí)證分析方法，在對影響中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易因素實(shí)證分析的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合當(dāng)前學(xué)者的研究成果對實(shí)證結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析，并得出結(jié)論。第六部分主要針對前面所做的成因分析提出具有針對性的合理建議：優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、鼓勵(lì)新興服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展、充分發(fā)揮貨物貿(mào)易的帶動(dòng)作用、加強(qiáng)培養(yǎng)服務(wù)業(yè)專業(yè)人才、大力發(fā)展信息通訊服務(wù)業(yè)，以期改善中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題。 通過運(yùn)用引力模型得出的實(shí)證結(jié)果是：中國GDP的增加對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口有正向影響，美國GDP的增加對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口有正向影響，且后者影響比前者大；中國第三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP比重的提高對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口具有明顯促進(jìn)作用，美國第三產(chǎn)業(yè)增加值占GDP比重的提高對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口具有明顯促進(jìn)作用，且后者影響比前者大；中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率的提高對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口有正向影響，美國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)普及率的提高對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口有正向影響，且后者影響比前者大；中美貨物貿(mào)易出口對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易出口具有明顯促進(jìn)作用，中美貨物貿(mào)易進(jìn)口對中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易進(jìn)口具有明顯促進(jìn)作用，且后者影響比前者大。 通過定性分析與實(shí)證分析最終得出的結(jié)論是：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、服務(wù)貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、貨物貿(mào)易帶動(dòng)作用較小、信息通訊技術(shù)保障作用薄弱、服務(wù)業(yè)高素質(zhì)人才缺乏和美國對外資企業(yè)的法律限制是中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差的重要成因，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、鼓勵(lì)新興服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展、充分發(fā)揮貨物貿(mào)易的帶動(dòng)作用、加強(qiáng)培養(yǎng)服務(wù)業(yè)專業(yè)人才、大力發(fā)展信息通訊服務(wù)業(yè)能夠改善中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易逆差問題。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the development of service trade has become the main trend to promote the economic development of all countries and regions of the world, and the proportion of service trade in China's foreign trade is also increasing. However, since 2000, China's service trade has been in a deficit state, and China has become the first trade deficit country in the world by the end of 2013. Although the scale of China's service trade is expanding year by year, the trade deficit of China's services has become more and more serious. Although the economic development of the United States has been hit hard in the financial crisis, the United States remains the first large-service trade power in the world, which is of reference for China's development service trade. in that trade deficit of China's service, the share of the deficit share the largest share of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-America service, and in recent years, the trend of the trade deficit between the US and the United States has increased significantly, so it is necessary to make an effective and in-depth analysis of the cause of the trade deficit in China and the United States. Through the analysis of the cause of the trade deficit of the Sino-US service, on the one hand, the suggestion on the trade deficit of the service trade deficit of China can be put forward according to the analysis result, and on the other hand, it can provide a theoretical foundation for the better analysis and resolution of the trade deficit of China's services and guide the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the trade deficit of China's services and to promote the development of China's service trade and to realize the coordinated and stable development of the trade in goods and services. In this paper, the comparative advantage theory, the competitive advantage theory and the trade gravity model are used as the theoretical support to analyze the trade deficit of the Sino-US services. In this paper, the root cause of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-the-art service is finally summarized, and the corresponding reasonable construction of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-art service is put forward based on the analysis. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the background, the research significance, the research purpose, the research method, the research content, the relevant literature review and the innovation and the not The second part is the concept of service trade, comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory and trade. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the trade deficit in China and the United States. First, the paper analyzes the import and export status and the total deficit of the Sino-US service trade, and then makes a difference to each major deficit industry. The fourth part is to make a qualitative analysis from the trade structure, the industrial structure, the goods trade, the information communication technology, the talent and the law to the cause of the trade deficit of China and the United States The fifth part uses the empirical analysis method, on the basis of the empirical analysis of the trade factors of the American service trade in the influence, and the empirical results are analyzed by combining the research results of the current scholars. The sixth part of the paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions for the cause analysis of the previous work: to optimize the industrial structure, to encourage the development of the emerging service trade, to give full play to the driving role of the goods trade, to strengthen the training of the professional personnel of the service industry and to develop the information communication vigorously Service industry, with a view to improving the trade of the middle-and-the-the-United States The empirical result obtained by using the gravity model is that the increase of China's GDP has a positive effect on the trade export of China-US services, and the increase of the US GDP has a positive effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of the added value of the tertiary industry in China has a significant effect on the export of the Sino-US service trade, and the increase of the value of the tertiary industry in the United States accounts for the increase in the proportion of GDP, which has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of Internet penetration in China has a positive impact on the export of China-US service trade, and the increase of Internet penetration in the United States has a positive effect on the import of China-US service trade, and the latter has a great effect on the former. The import of Sino-US trade in goods has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The result of qualitative analysis and empirical analysis is that the industrial structure is not reasonable, the structure of service trade is not reasonable, the effect of trade in goods is small, and the information communication skill The weakness of the operation guarantee, the lack of high-quality personnel in the service industry and the legal limitation of the US to the foreign-capital enterprise are the important cause of the trade deficit of the Chinese-American service, optimize the industrial structure, encourage the development of the new service trade, give full play to the driving effect of the trade in goods, and strengthen the cultivation Service industry professionals, develop the information communication service industry to improve the middle-and-the-the-the-class service
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.68;F757.12
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the development of service trade has become the main trend to promote the economic development of all countries and regions of the world, and the proportion of service trade in China's foreign trade is also increasing. However, since 2000, China's service trade has been in a deficit state, and China has become the first trade deficit country in the world by the end of 2013. Although the scale of China's service trade is expanding year by year, the trade deficit of China's services has become more and more serious. Although the economic development of the United States has been hit hard in the financial crisis, the United States remains the first large-service trade power in the world, which is of reference for China's development service trade. in that trade deficit of China's service, the share of the deficit share the largest share of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-America service, and in recent years, the trend of the trade deficit between the US and the United States has increased significantly, so it is necessary to make an effective and in-depth analysis of the cause of the trade deficit in China and the United States. Through the analysis of the cause of the trade deficit of the Sino-US service, on the one hand, the suggestion on the trade deficit of the service trade deficit of China can be put forward according to the analysis result, and on the other hand, it can provide a theoretical foundation for the better analysis and resolution of the trade deficit of China's services and guide the practice. The main purpose of this paper is to improve the trade deficit of China's services and to promote the development of China's service trade and to realize the coordinated and stable development of the trade in goods and services. In this paper, the comparative advantage theory, the competitive advantage theory and the trade gravity model are used as the theoretical support to analyze the trade deficit of the Sino-US services. In this paper, the root cause of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-the-art service is finally summarized, and the corresponding reasonable construction of the trade deficit of the middle-and-the-the-art service is put forward based on the analysis. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction part, mainly introduces the background, the research significance, the research purpose, the research method, the research content, the relevant literature review and the innovation and the not The second part is the concept of service trade, comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory and trade. The third part mainly introduces the current situation of the trade deficit in China and the United States. First, the paper analyzes the import and export status and the total deficit of the Sino-US service trade, and then makes a difference to each major deficit industry. The fourth part is to make a qualitative analysis from the trade structure, the industrial structure, the goods trade, the information communication technology, the talent and the law to the cause of the trade deficit of China and the United States The fifth part uses the empirical analysis method, on the basis of the empirical analysis of the trade factors of the American service trade in the influence, and the empirical results are analyzed by combining the research results of the current scholars. The sixth part of the paper puts forward some reasonable suggestions for the cause analysis of the previous work: to optimize the industrial structure, to encourage the development of the emerging service trade, to give full play to the driving role of the goods trade, to strengthen the training of the professional personnel of the service industry and to develop the information communication vigorously Service industry, with a view to improving the trade of the middle-and-the-the-United States The empirical result obtained by using the gravity model is that the increase of China's GDP has a positive effect on the trade export of China-US services, and the increase of the US GDP has a positive effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of the added value of the tertiary industry in China has a significant effect on the export of the Sino-US service trade, and the increase of the value of the tertiary industry in the United States accounts for the increase in the proportion of GDP, which has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The increase of Internet penetration in China has a positive impact on the export of China-US service trade, and the increase of Internet penetration in the United States has a positive effect on the import of China-US service trade, and the latter has a great effect on the former. The import of Sino-US trade in goods has a significant effect on the import of the Sino-US service trade, and the latter The result of qualitative analysis and empirical analysis is that the industrial structure is not reasonable, the structure of service trade is not reasonable, the effect of trade in goods is small, and the information communication skill The weakness of the operation guarantee, the lack of high-quality personnel in the service industry and the legal limitation of the US to the foreign-capital enterprise are the important cause of the trade deficit of the Chinese-American service, optimize the industrial structure, encourage the development of the new service trade, give full play to the driving effect of the trade in goods, and strengthen the cultivation Service industry professionals, develop the information communication service industry to improve the middle-and-the-the-the-class service
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.68;F757.12
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 陳雙喜;潘海鷹;;中美服務(wù)貿(mào)易比較及中國服務(wù)貿(mào)易發(fā)展的對策[J];財(cái)經(jīng)問題研究;2010年12期
2 陳雙喜;王磊;宋e
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