【摘要】：2017年中央一號(hào)文件明確提出要進(jìn)行“農(nóng)業(yè)供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革”。文件中要求我國(guó)要優(yōu)化農(nóng)產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),要進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展,以提高農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展質(zhì)量,增進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展效果。由于受地理環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化因素的制約,我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展具有天然的脆弱性,谷賤傷農(nóng)的現(xiàn)象也時(shí)常上演。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格發(fā)現(xiàn)和套期保值功能可以保證農(nóng)戶的正常收入,充分利用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng),可以有效幫助農(nóng)戶增收,優(yōu)化調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)組織化生產(chǎn)。當(dāng)前,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)逐漸成為優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),提高農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化程度,保障農(nóng)戶增收的重要途徑。研究如何充分有效的利用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng),充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)功能不僅有重要的理論意義,更具有一定的實(shí)際意義。當(dāng)前,我國(guó)農(nóng)戶參與期貨市場(chǎng)的主要方式為間接模式,即由農(nóng)戶加入合作社或者公司間接地參與到農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)中。參與主體間履約問題卻成為交易雙方主體間持續(xù)合作,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的桎梏。對(duì)此,本文首先梳理了相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對(duì)當(dāng)前學(xué)者們對(duì)于農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)的功能作用、違約問題、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的研究做了概括與總結(jié)。文章之后對(duì)核心概念和理論做出陳述,分析了兩種典型的間接對(duì)接模式,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析間接模式下農(nóng)戶和中介組織合作中存在的問題以及合作雙方的履約問題,再根據(jù)以上分析找到在雙方合作過程中履約困難的原因,與此同時(shí)借鑒了一些國(guó)外發(fā)達(dá)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并根據(jù)我國(guó)的情況提出了一些對(duì)策以促進(jìn)雙方的履約,便于雙方能夠更好地參與期貨市場(chǎng),發(fā)揮期貨市場(chǎng)服務(wù)三農(nóng)的功能和效果。文章提出政府等相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)方面可以提供促進(jìn)參與雙方的合作機(jī)制,提供良好保障,如轉(zhuǎn)換對(duì)農(nóng)戶的補(bǔ)貼方式;建立“以豐補(bǔ)歉”基金等;對(duì)中介組織來說,一方面本文主張?zhí)岣咧薪榻M織的持續(xù)經(jīng)營(yíng)能力,提倡農(nóng)戶入股參與期貨市場(chǎng)等。另一方面,對(duì)于中介組織在期貨市場(chǎng)的盈利模式可以采用“代理套保模式”,對(duì)于平倉量進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格控制,以減小投機(jī)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。通過上述方式,可以在一定程度上起到促進(jìn)合作方履約的效果,提高雙方參與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)的積極性,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品期貨市場(chǎng)的功能。
[Abstract]:In 2017, the first document of the Central Committee clearly proposed to carry out structural reform on the supply side of agriculture. In order to improve the quality of agricultural development and improve the effect of agricultural development, it is required that China should optimize the industrial structure of agricultural products and further promote the development of agriculture in China. Because of the restriction of geographical environment, economy and culture, the agricultural development of our country has the natural vulnerability, and the phenomenon of untouchable injury to agriculture is often performed. The function of price discovery and hedging in the futures market of agricultural products can ensure the normal income of farmers, make full use of the futures market of agricultural products, can effectively help farmers to increase income, optimize and adjust the planting structure, and promote organized production. At present, the futures market of agricultural products has gradually become an important way to optimize the agricultural structure, improve the degree of agricultural modernization and ensure the increase of farmers' income. The research on how to make full use of the agricultural product futures market and give full play to the function of the agricultural product futures market not only has important theoretical significance, but also has certain practical significance. At present, the main way for farmers to participate in futures market is indirect mode, that is, farmers join cooperatives or companies participate indirectly in the futures market of agricultural products. However, the performance problem between the parties involved has become the shackle of the continuous cooperation between the parties and the further development of the agricultural product futures market. This paper firstly combs the relevant literature and summarizes the current research on the function of agricultural product futures market, default problem and risk management. After the article makes a statement to the core concepts and theories, analyzes two typical indirect docking modes, and then analyzes the problems existing in the cooperation between farmers and intermediary organizations under indirect mode and the implementation of the cooperation between them. On the basis of the above analysis, we find out the reasons for the difficulty of performing in the process of cooperation between the two sides. At the same time, we draw lessons from some developed experiences of foreign countries, and put forward some countermeasures according to the situation of our country in order to promote the performance of both sides. It is convenient for both sides to participate in futures market better and give full play to the function and effect of futures market in serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. The article points out that the government and other relevant institutions can provide a cooperative mechanism to promote the participation of both sides and provide good protection, such as changing the subsidy to farmers, establishing the fund of "replenishing and apologizing with abundance", and so on. For intermediary organizations, on the one hand, this paper advocates to improve the continuing management ability of intermediary organizations and encourage farmers to participate in futures market. On the other hand, for the profit model of intermediary organizations in the futures market, we can adopt the "agency hedging mode", and strictly control the amount of liquidation, in order to reduce the risk of speculation. Through the above methods, we can promote the performance of the partners to a certain extent, improve the enthusiasm of both sides to participate in the agricultural product futures market, and realize the function of the agricultural product futures market.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津商業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F724.5

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