本文選題：合競行為 + 貿(mào)易總額　； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：國際貿(mào)易是研究“合作共贏”的經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，但它的實(shí)證指標(biāo)如貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)、貿(mào)易競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)等卻都是建立在競爭理念基礎(chǔ)上，這種“合作共贏”的理論與“競爭性”實(shí)證指標(biāo)的對立問題是本文關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 國際貿(mào)易的“合作共贏”是一種合作與競爭并存的現(xiàn)象，而現(xiàn)有的理論研究很多是從單一的合作或競爭的角度研究國際貿(mào)易問題。雖然有些貿(mào)易理論模型包含了合作與競爭并存的思想，但這些理論都沒有講清楚合作與競爭的關(guān)系，最終被誤認(rèn)為是研究競爭為主的理論。 基于上述理論認(rèn)識，學(xué)者們設(shè)計(jì)的國際貿(mào)易實(shí)證指標(biāo)都是基于競爭思想的，，而反映了國際貿(mào)易“合作共贏”理念的指標(biāo)基本沒有，即使有也很少運(yùn)用。而且有些實(shí)證指標(biāo)被誤解，比如貿(mào)易競爭優(yōu)勢指數(shù)TSC（貿(mào)易差額/貿(mào)易總額），貿(mào)易差額反映了兩個(gè)國家的貿(mào)易競爭程度，而貿(mào)易總額則反映了兩個(gè)國家的合作程度，貿(mào)易差額與貿(mào)易總額之比，顯然不能反映現(xiàn)實(shí)中一個(gè)國家/地區(qū)的貿(mào)易競爭優(yōu)勢，而是反映兩個(gè)國家的合作與競爭關(guān)系。 針對上述理論和實(shí)證指標(biāo)中存在的問題，本文基于合競行為理論，詳細(xì)地梳理了現(xiàn)有的國際貿(mào)易理論中的合作與競爭行為，歸納了國際貿(mào)易中競爭行為、合競行為的特征，用貿(mào)易差額、貿(mào)易總額、貿(mào)易差額與貿(mào)易總額的比值三個(gè)指標(biāo)分別表示競爭行為、合競行為以及兩者的相對強(qiáng)弱程度。 通過實(shí)證分析貿(mào)易總額排名前四十的國家/地區(qū)，以及3個(gè)典型國家（中國、美國、德國）的三個(gè)指標(biāo)的演變規(guī)律，并與傳統(tǒng)的實(shí)證指標(biāo)進(jìn)行比較，得出以下四點(diǎn)結(jié)論：總體看來，在國際貿(mào)易中，貿(mào)易總額越高的國家/地區(qū)競爭行為相對弱于合競行為；與發(fā)展中國家相比，發(fā)達(dá)國家/地區(qū)的競爭行為相對于合競行為基本沒有太大變化；3個(gè)典型國家隨著合競行為不斷增強(qiáng)，貿(mào)易都朝均衡的方向發(fā)展；不論一國是否發(fā)生危機(jī)，金融/經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)對貿(mào)易失衡具有自修復(fù)作用。
[Abstract]:International trade is the economic theory of "cooperation and win-win", but its empirical indicators, such as terms of trade index and trade competitive advantage index, are all based on the concept of competition. The antagonism between the theory of "cooperation and win-win" and the empirical index of "competition" is the focus of this paper. The "win-win cooperation" in international trade is a phenomenon of co-existence of cooperation and competition, and many of the existing theoretical studies are to study international trade problems from the perspective of single cooperation or competition. Although some trade theory models contain the idea of cooperation and competition, these theories do not clearly explain the relationship between cooperation and competition, and are mistaken for the theory of competition. Based on the above theoretical understanding, the empirical indicators of international trade designed by scholars are based on the idea of competition, but there are few indicators reflecting the concept of "win-win cooperation" in international trade. Moreover, some empirical indicators have been misunderstood, such as the trade balance / total trade index (TSC), which reflects the degree of trade competition between the two countries, and the total trade volume reflects the degree of cooperation between the two countries. The ratio of trade balance to total trade obviously does not reflect the trade competitive advantage of a country or region in reality, but reflects the cooperation and competition relationship between two countries. In view of the problems existing in the above theoretical and empirical indicators, this paper, based on the theory of competitive behavior, summarizes the characteristics of competitive behavior and competitive behavior in international trade by combing out the cooperative and competitive behaviors in the existing theories of international trade in detail. The three indexes of trade balance, total trade, and the ratio of trade balance to total trade are used to indicate the competitive behavior, competitive behavior and the relative strength and weakness of the two indexes respectively. Through the empirical analysis of the evolution of the three indicators of the top 40 countries and three typical countries (China, the United States, Germany), and compared with the traditional empirical indicators, The following four conclusions are drawn: in general, the countries / regions with higher total trade in international trade have relatively weaker competitive behaviour than competing behaviors; compared with developing countries, The competitive behavior of developed countries / regions has basically not changed much compared with that of competing behaviors; the trade of the three typical countries is developing in a balanced direction with the increasing competition behavior; whether or not a country has a crisis or not, The financial / economic crisis has a self-repairing effect on trade imbalances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F746

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