本文選題：日本利益集團(tuán) + TPP��； 參考：《山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：TPP(Trans Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership)全稱跨太平洋戰(zhàn)略經(jīng)濟(jì)伙伴協(xié)議,2008年,美國(guó)為了實(shí)現(xiàn)“重返亞太”的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo),宣布加入TPP談判。美國(guó)一直鼓動(dòng)日本加入,而日本政府也希望通過加入TPP改善國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)萎靡的現(xiàn)狀。然而,2010年菅直人表達(dá)了希望加入TPP戰(zhàn)略的想法時(shí),在日本國(guó)內(nèi)引起了一片嘩然,反對(duì)的聲音此起彼伏,使得政府的TPP政策遲遲無(wú)法推進(jìn)。利益集團(tuán)是日本政治生活中不可或缺的組成部分,在政治活動(dòng)中占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位,政府貿(mào)易政策的制定和實(shí)施在很大程度上要受到國(guó)內(nèi)利益集團(tuán)的影響。通過觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),日本TPP政策進(jìn)展緩慢的原因主要是利益集團(tuán)對(duì)TPP政策的不同偏好導(dǎo)致的,工商業(yè)利益集團(tuán)希望推進(jìn)TPP政策,而農(nóng)業(yè)利益集團(tuán)持堅(jiān)決的反對(duì)態(tài)度。本文在梳理和總結(jié)影響日本貿(mào)易政策的利益集團(tuán)的種類、作用、影響渠道的前提下,以Grossman和Helpman的“保護(hù)待售”模型為理論基礎(chǔ),對(duì)利益集團(tuán)影響TPP政策的行為機(jī)制進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析,最后,在加入TPP的條件上,運(yùn)用博弈矩陣探討了利益集團(tuán)的政策選擇。以經(jīng)團(tuán)聯(lián)和農(nóng)協(xié)為利益集團(tuán)的代表,通過行為機(jī)制分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在院外游說行為上,經(jīng)團(tuán)聯(lián)和農(nóng)協(xié)基本上能實(shí)現(xiàn)博弈均衡,所以還需要在組織宣傳和結(jié)盟能力上進(jìn)一步探討。組織宣傳行為方面,農(nóng)協(xié)在利用媒體工具和國(guó)民互動(dòng)的能力上更勝一籌,經(jīng)團(tuán)聯(lián)雖然也通過輿論宣傳影響TPP政策,但忽略了與國(guó)民的溝通。集團(tuán)結(jié)盟能力方面,農(nóng)協(xié)由于強(qiáng)大的凝聚力,產(chǎn)生的分歧較小,更容易在TPP政策上達(dá)成統(tǒng)一意見。由于TPP還會(huì)觸及到除農(nóng)業(yè)以外的其他利益集團(tuán)的利益,所以,在外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上,與經(jīng)團(tuán)聯(lián)相比,農(nóng)協(xié)更容易與其他利益集團(tuán)形成同盟,共同抵制TPP政策。而在政策選擇方面,政府的TPP政策也會(huì)向農(nóng)業(yè)的利益傾斜,主要表現(xiàn)在對(duì)外爭(zhēng)取農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的例外保護(hù),對(duì)內(nèi)增加對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的補(bǔ)貼。日本利益集團(tuán)對(duì)TPP政策的影響為中國(guó)未來(lái)的TPP之路提供了一個(gè)很好的借鑒。國(guó)內(nèi)的利益集團(tuán)在影響貿(mào)易政策實(shí)施的過程中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)理論研究,多關(guān)注其他利益集團(tuán)的政策動(dòng)向,同時(shí)要加強(qiáng)利益集團(tuán)間的溝通交流。最后,與議會(huì)、行政機(jī)構(gòu)和普通民眾保持良好的關(guān)系,爭(zhēng)取在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取勝。
[Abstract]:The TPP(Trans Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership) is fully known as the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement. In 2008, the United States announced its accession to the TPP negotiations in order to achieve its strategic goal of "returning to the Asia-Pacific region." The United States has been urging Japan to join, and the Japanese government wants to improve the country's flagging economy by joining the TPP. However, when Naoto Kan expressed his wish to join the TPP strategy in 2010, it caused an uproar and opposition in Japan, making the government's TPP policy slow to move forward. Interest group is an indispensable part of Japanese political life and plays an important role in political activities. To a great extent, the formulation and implementation of government trade policy will be influenced by domestic interest groups. It is found that the slow progress of TPP policy in Japan is mainly due to the different preferences of interest groups on TPP policy. Industrial and commercial interest groups want to promote the TPP policy, while agricultural interest groups hold firm opposition. On the premise of combing and summing up the types, functions and influence channels of interest groups that influence Japan's trade policy, this paper takes the "protect for sale" model of Grossman and Helpman as the theoretical basis. The behavior mechanism of interest group influencing TPP policy is analyzed in detail. Finally, on the condition of joining TPP, the policy choice of interest group is discussed by using game matrix. Through the analysis of the behavior mechanism, it is found that in the lobbying behavior outside the hospital, the league federation and the peasant association can basically realize the game equilibrium, so it is necessary to further discuss the ability of organizing propaganda and alliance. In the aspect of organizing propaganda behavior, the Association of Agriculture is superior in the ability of using media tools and national interaction. Although the League also influences the TPP policy through public opinion, it neglects the communication with the people. In terms of alliance ability, the farmers' association is less divided because of its strong cohesion, making it easier to agree on TPP policy. Since the TPP also touches the interests of other interest groups other than agriculture, it is easier for them to form alliances with other interest groups and resist the TPP policy in external competition. In terms of policy choice, the government's TPP policy will also be inclined to the interests of agriculture, mainly in foreign countries to fight for the exception of agricultural protection, to increase domestic subsidies to agriculture. The influence of Japanese interest groups on TPP policy provides a good reference for China's future TPP. In the process of affecting the implementation of trade policies, domestic interest groups should strengthen theoretical research, pay more attention to the policy trends of other interest groups, and strengthen communication and exchange among interest groups. Finally, maintain good relations with Parliament, the executive and the general public in order to win the competition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F753.13

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