本文關(guān)鍵詞：多邊關(guān)系視角下的中日民間貿(mào)易：1949-1972　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 冷戰(zhàn) 多邊關(guān)系 中日民間貿(mào)易 政經(jīng)分離

【摘要】：中日民間貿(mào)易源遠流長,本文的“中日民間貿(mào)易”是指新中國成立后,中日在沒有邦交的情況下,兩國都有對外貿(mào)易的需求及條件,通過非政府的方式進行經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易活動。這一時期的中日民間貿(mào)易歷史過程紛繁復(fù)雜,它從誕生開始就被深深地打上了冷戰(zhàn)的烙印。在這一歷史過程中,美國、蘇聯(lián)、日本和臺灣地區(qū)的政治、經(jīng)濟因素一直影響著中日民間貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。本文從歷史背景、發(fā)展歷程、最終思考三個方面論述多邊關(guān)系影響下的中日民間貿(mào)易；同時運用國際經(jīng)濟學(xué)相關(guān)原理,解讀中日民間貿(mào)易發(fā)展的內(nèi)部動因。對蘇一邊倒的新中國與對美采取追隨外交的日本,分屬兩大對立陣營。政治上沒有往來,國家邦交更是無從談起。外向型經(jīng)濟的日本急需中國市場對其開放,然而在政治行動上,日本加入以美國為首的西方陣營,采取對華遏制政策。受到美國為首西方國家遏制的新中國也需要對日貿(mào)易打破這一困境,通過進口西方先進科技以促進國家現(xiàn)代化的開展。出于國家利益的需要,中日兩國以民間方式嘗試相互接近,而與此同時又不得不受制于國際格局及國內(nèi)環(huán)境的影響。美國、臺灣對新中國的敵視如一柄達摩克利斯之劍,隨時會斬斷中日民間貿(mào)易的渠道。因此人為的政經(jīng)分離充斥于中日民間貿(mào)易發(fā)展的過程之中。對美采取追隨外交的日本處境極為矛盾,若其完全聽從美國旨意,對華采取嚴(yán)格的出口禁運政策,其結(jié)果便是加劇日本對美國及西方國家市場的依賴,經(jīng)濟的自主權(quán)受到削弱,從而導(dǎo)致政府更迭,如岸信介內(nèi)閣的倒臺。因此日方時常效仿英法,對華采取“例外程序”,悄悄擴大中日民間貿(mào)易。中國較早地擺脫蘇聯(lián)發(fā)展模式的影響,特別是1960年蘇聯(lián)撤出對華全部援助及1965年中蘇關(guān)系全面破裂。中日民間貿(mào)易作為中國獲得國外先進技術(shù)及物資不可多得的通道,顯得尤為重要。國內(nèi)極左政策和其他方面原因?qū)е铝酥腥彰耖g貿(mào)易發(fā)展起伏不定,如1958年至1960年中日民間貿(mào)易幾近斷絕,1970年至1972年中日民間貿(mào)易經(jīng)受了一個大起大落時段。1970年至1972年,東亞發(fā)生政治地震,基辛格及尼克松相繼訪華。越頂外交在日本猶如一顆“政治原子彈”爆炸,佐藤內(nèi)閣迅速倒臺。代之而起的田中內(nèi)閣立刻訪問中國,推動中日接近,從而催生了中日民間貿(mào)易發(fā)展的春天,1971年至1972年中日民間貿(mào)易額得到巨大的提升便是最好的例證。當(dāng)下中日關(guān)系整體格局是政冷經(jīng)熱,政治上互不信任,經(jīng)濟交流卻十分頻繁。2012年釣魚島問題的尖銳化使中日關(guān)系跌入了冰點,中日政冷經(jīng)熱的格局有向政冷經(jīng)也冷的方向發(fā)展的趨勢。對1949—1972年之間中日民間貿(mào)易的多邊視角考察,將有助于我們更好地思考當(dāng)下情勢中的中日關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:The folk trade between China and Japan has a long history. In this paper, "Sino-Japanese folk trade" means that after the founding of New China, China and Japan have foreign trade needs and conditions in the absence of diplomatic relations. The history of Sino-Japanese folk trade in this period was complicated, and it was deeply branded by the Cold War from the beginning of its birth. In this historical process, the United States. The political and economic factors of the Soviet Union, Japan and Taiwan have always affected the development of Sino-Japanese folk trade. Finally, three aspects of discussion on the influence of multilateral relations between China and Japan folk trade; At the same time, using the relevant principles of international economics, this paper interprets the internal causes of the development of Sino-Japanese folk trade. The new China, which is one-sided to the Soviet Union, and Japan, which follows the diplomacy to the United States, belong to the two opposing camps, and have no political contacts. Japan, with an export-oriented economy, desperately needs to open up the Chinese market, but in political action, Japan joins the Western camp led by the United States. New China, led by the United States, also needs to break this dilemma through trade with Japan. By importing advanced western science and technology to promote the development of national modernization. For the needs of national interests, China and Japan try to approach each other in folk ways. At the same time, it has to be subject to the influence of international structure and domestic environment. The hostility of the United States and Taiwan towards the new China is like a sword of Damocles. Therefore, the artificial separation of politics and economy filled the process of the development of Sino-Japanese private trade. The situation of Japan, which follows the United States' diplomacy, is extremely contradictory, if it completely obeys the will of the United States. The result of a strict export embargo on China has been to increase Japan's dependence on the markets of the United States and Western countries and weaken economic autonomy, leading to a change of government. For example, the fall of Kishi Nobusuke's cabinet. Therefore, Japan often followed the example of Britain and France, adopted "exceptional procedures" against China, and quietly expanded Sino-Japanese folk trade. China got rid of the influence of the Soviet Union's development model earlier. In particular, the Soviet Union withdrew all its aid to China on 1960 and the Soviet relations broke down in middle of 1965. Sino-Japanese folk trade was used as a rare channel for China to obtain advanced foreign technology and materials. It is particularly important. Domestic far-left policies and other reasons led to the ups and downs of the development of Sino-Japanese private trade, such as 1958 to middle of 1960, the private trade nearly cut off. From 1970 to middle of 1972, Japan's private trade experienced a period of ups and downs. From 1970 to 1970, there was a political earthquake in East Asia. Kissinger and Nixon visited China one after another. Vietnam's top diplomacy exploded like a "political atomic bomb" in Japan, and Sato's cabinet quickly collapsed. Instead, the Tanaka cabinet immediately visited China to push China closer to Japan. This gave birth to the spring of the development of non-government trade between China and Japan. From 1971 to middle of 1972, the great increase in the volume of trade between Japan and China is the best example. At present, the overall pattern of Sino-Japanese relations is political, economic, economic and hot. Political mistrust, but economic exchanges are very frequent. In 2012, the sharp Diaoyu Islands issue brought Sino-Japanese relations to a freezing point. The pattern of Sino-Japanese political cold economy is developing in the direction of political cold economy as well as cold economy. The multilateral perspective of Sino-Japanese folk trade from 1949 to 1972 is investigated. Will help us to better reflect on the current situation in the relationship between China and Japan.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F752.9;F753.13

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