【摘要】：如何破除農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中的資金約束，是關于實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必須克服的難題，也一直困擾著各級的政府。農(nóng)村資產(chǎn)的抵押擔保融資為解決這一問題提供了思路和途徑。農(nóng)村抵押擔保在國內(nèi)不少地方都有實踐，然而由于法律制度的約束以及農(nóng)村的特定條件限制，各地都難以有效的開展起來。隨著農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟和金融改革的不斷推進，從中央政府到地方政府都越發(fā)意識到盤活農(nóng)村的沉睡資產(chǎn)、為農(nóng)村發(fā)展注入資金是解決三農(nóng)問題的重要途徑，在政策層面上都放寬了對于農(nóng)村資產(chǎn)用于抵押的限制，這也為農(nóng)村資產(chǎn)抵押融資開辟可廣闊的空間。 本文研究從發(fā)展農(nóng)村抵押擔保融資的大背景出發(fā)，以相關農(nóng)村金融理論為支撐，在廣泛收集數(shù)據(jù)的情況下，從需求和供給方面分析了重慶農(nóng)村融資難的現(xiàn)狀和原因。進一步地，綜合運用博弈論和數(shù)理模型進行分析，探討引入大型擔保公司的作用。同時結(jié)合重慶市設立大型涉農(nóng)擔保公司的實踐，研究涉農(nóng)擔保公司運作的機制，并著重分析了區(qū)縣擔保子公司的架構合理性以及擔保公司運作存在的問題，最后提出了相應的對策。 研究的主要結(jié)論：由于多方面的原因?qū)е铝酥貞c農(nóng)村地區(qū)融資困難，面對這樣的難題，文章認為可以從引入大型涉農(nóng)擔保公司的方式來解決。擔保公司以政府籌建、市場運作的方式運行，，能夠在一定程度上解決農(nóng)戶抵押品價值不足和銀行面臨較高違約風險的難題。文章從數(shù)理模型的分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)，在純粹的市場化運作中，小微農(nóng)戶的借貸仍難以得到有效支持。因此，擔保公司介入到農(nóng)村抵押擔保融資的同時，還應當注重配合培育當?shù)剞r(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，加大對于一般風險農(nóng)戶的支持。在擔保公司運作中，可能存在諸多的問題，比如擔保子公司的激勵機制和風險控制等，需要在不斷的探索中尋找適合的模式。 文章最后提出了幾點政策建議：創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村金融產(chǎn)品類型，從完善農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度、培育農(nóng)村資產(chǎn)評估市場、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)戶與企業(yè)合作方式等方面完善農(nóng)村金融市場格局；培育農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)，從培養(yǎng)農(nóng)村資金的需求入手進行改革；引入行政性與市場性結(jié)合的大型第三方擔保機構進入農(nóng)村市場；規(guī)范政府在農(nóng)村金融市場上的角色。
[Abstract]:How to break down the capital constraint in the development of rural economy is a difficult problem to be overcome to realize the development of rural economy, and it has been puzzling the governments at all levels. The collateral financing of rural assets provides a way to solve this problem. The rural mortgage guarantee has practice in many places in our country. However, because of the restriction of the legal system and the special condition of the countryside, it is difficult to carry out it effectively. With the development of rural economic and financial reform, both the central government and local governments are becoming more aware of the dormant assets in rural areas, and the injection of funds to rural development is an important way to solve the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. At the policy level, the restrictions on the use of rural assets for mortgage are relaxed, which also opens up broad space for rural asset mortgage financing. Based on the background of the development of rural mortgage secured financing and supported by the theory of rural finance, this paper analyzes the present situation and reasons of the difficulty of rural finance in Chongqing from the aspect of demand and supply under the condition of collecting data extensively. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the role of introducing large guarantee companies by using game theory and mathematical model. At the same time, based on the practice of setting up large agricultural guarantee companies in Chongqing, this paper studies the operation mechanism of agricultural guarantee companies, and analyzes emphatically the rationality of the structure of regional and county guarantee subsidiary companies and the problems existing in the operation of guarantee companies. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures are put forward. The main conclusion of the study is that the financing difficulties in rural areas of Chongqing are caused by many reasons. In the face of this problem, the author thinks that we can solve this problem by introducing large agribusiness guarantee companies. The guarantee companies run in the form of government preparation and market operation, which can solve the problem of the insufficient value of the farmers' collateral and the high risk of default faced by the banks to a certain extent. From the analysis of mathematical model, it is found that in the pure market-oriented operation, the lending of small and micro farmers is still difficult to get effective support. Therefore, while the guarantee company is involved in the rural mortgage guarantee financing, it should also pay attention to the cultivation of local agricultural industry and increase the support for general risk farmers. In the operation of the guarantee company, there may be many problems, such as incentive mechanism and risk control of the guarantee subsidiary, which need to find the suitable mode in the continuous exploration. At the end of the article, some policy suggestions are put forward: innovating the types of rural financial products, perfecting the rural financial market structure from the aspects of perfecting the agricultural insurance system, cultivating the rural asset evaluation market, innovating the cooperative mode between farmers and enterprises, and so on; To cultivate the agricultural industry, we should start with the reform of the demand for rural funds; introduce the large third party guarantee institutions which combine the administration and the market to enter the rural market; and standardize the role of the government in the rural financial market.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F832.43

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