【摘要】：隨著近年來經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)的迅猛發(fā)展,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的模式由企業(yè)與企業(yè)之間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)逐漸開始轉(zhuǎn)化為由企業(yè)上下游之間組成的供應(yīng)鏈系統(tǒng)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。供應(yīng)鏈中存在著非常多的中小節(jié)點(diǎn)企業(yè),這些中小企業(yè)常常受到資金約束的制約。尤其是處于供應(yīng)鏈下游的中小零售商,經(jīng)常由于資金不足無法按照市場(chǎng)需求實(shí)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的訂貨量,損害零售商的收益,嚴(yán)重時(shí)甚至損害供應(yīng)鏈整體績效。資金約束對(duì)企業(yè)的運(yùn)營和決策都有著重要的影響。通過現(xiàn)有的理論研究可以發(fā)現(xiàn),供應(yīng)鏈中的中小零售商在面對(duì)資金約束的限制時(shí),主要有三種選擇方式：無供應(yīng)鏈融資、供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部融資和供應(yīng)鏈預(yù)付賬款融資,這三種方式都會(huì)影響到企業(yè)的資金狀況以及企業(yè)的收益,進(jìn)而影響到供應(yīng)鏈整體收益,現(xiàn)實(shí)中企業(yè)的運(yùn)作也是如此。但是,目前綜合研究這三種方式對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈成員最優(yōu)訂貨決策以及供應(yīng)鏈整體收益影響的成果不多�；诖吮尘�,本文探討由單一制造商和單一零售商組成的二級(jí)供應(yīng)鏈,從供應(yīng)鏈中小零售商面臨資金約束入手,分析現(xiàn)有的供應(yīng)鏈融資渠道,并且重點(diǎn)介紹適用于中小零售商的供應(yīng)鏈預(yù)付賬款融資模式。本文構(gòu)建三種不同方式下的供應(yīng)鏈?zhǔn)找婺Ｐ?基于供應(yīng)鏈整體角度,進(jìn)行最優(yōu)訂貨量決策分析,并討論出使供應(yīng)鏈整體收益最大化的融資方式。最后,對(duì)三種融資方式的收益模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析,得出不同融資渠道下的最優(yōu)訂貨量,計(jì)算出不同融資渠道下供應(yīng)鏈整體收益,并給出不同情況下應(yīng)選擇何種融資渠道以使供應(yīng)鏈整體收益最大化。案例分析的結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了模型的結(jié)論。論文研究結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)零售商面對(duì)資金約束時(shí),無論是供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部融資的、還是供應(yīng)鏈預(yù)付賬款融資的訂貨決策,都可為整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈創(chuàng)造出新的價(jià)值：在不考慮制造商商業(yè)信用額度限制的情況下,供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部融資的最優(yōu)訂貨決策優(yōu)于供應(yīng)鏈預(yù)付賬款融資的最優(yōu)訂貨決策；但是,由于供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部融資本身具有一定的局限性,它只能在一定范圍內(nèi)存在,在制造商給予的商業(yè)信用額度小于某一臨界值時(shí),供應(yīng)鏈預(yù)付賬款融資的最優(yōu)訂貨決策優(yōu)于供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)部融資的最優(yōu)訂貨決策,現(xiàn)實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中這種情況是普遍存在的。本文為資金約束下供應(yīng)鏈的訂貨決策問題,提供了可行的方案,為企業(yè)決策者提供定量化的決策支持。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society in recent years, the mode of competition has gradually changed from competition between enterprises to competition between supply chain systems composed of upstream and downstream enterprises. There are many small and medium-sized enterprises in the supply chain, which are often restricted by financial constraints. Especially the small and medium-sized retailers in the downstream of the supply chain are often unable to achieve the optimal order quantity according to the market demand due to lack of funds which damages the retailer's income and even the overall performance of the supply chain. Capital constraints have an important impact on the operation and decision-making of enterprises. Through the existing theoretical research, it can be found that there are three main options for small and medium-sized retailers in the supply chain: no supply chain financing, supply chain internal financing and supply chain prepayment financing, when facing the limitation of capital constraints, there are three main options: no supply chain financing, supply chain internal financing and supply chain prepayment financing. These three ways will affect the financial situation of the enterprise and the income of the enterprise, and then affect the overall income of the supply chain. In reality, the operation of the enterprise is the same. However, at present, the results of comprehensive study on the influence of these three methods on the optimal ordering decision of supply chain members and the overall income of supply chain are few. Based on this background, this paper discusses the secondary supply chain which consists of a single manufacturer and a single retailer. Starting with the financial constraints faced by small retailers in the supply chain, this paper analyzes the existing supply chain financing channels. It also focuses on the supply chain prepayment financing model for small and medium retailers. In this paper, three different supply chain revenue models are constructed, based on the supply chain overall perspective, the optimal order quantity decision analysis is carried out, and the financing method to maximize the supply chain overall income is discussed. Finally, through the numerical analysis of three kinds of revenue models, the optimal order quantity under different financing channels is obtained, and the overall income of supply chain under different financing channels is calculated. What financing channels should be chosen under different circumstances to maximize the overall revenue of the supply chain is also given. The result of case analysis verifies the conclusion of the model. The results show that: when retailers face financial constraints, whether it is the supply chain internal financing, or the supply chain pre-payment financing order decision. Both can create new value for the whole supply chain: the optimal order decision for financing within the supply chain is superior to the optimal order decision for pre-payment financing in the supply chain without taking into account the manufacturer's commercial credit limit; however, Because the internal financing of the supply chain has its own limitations, it can only exist in a certain range, when the commercial credit line given by the manufacturer is less than a certain critical value, The optimal ordering decision of prepayment financing in supply chain is better than the optimal order decision in supply chain internal financing. This kind of situation is common in the real economic environment. This paper provides a feasible scheme for ordering decision of supply chain under financial constraints, and provides quantitative decision support for enterprise decision makers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F274;F832.4

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