發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 11:35

【摘要】：我國(guó)幅員遼闊，但人多地少的現(xiàn)狀使得農(nóng)地供需矛盾緊張。隨著農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力逐年向城市轉(zhuǎn)移，農(nóng)地撂荒狀況比較嚴(yán)峻。然而我國(guó)特有的土地政策使得農(nóng)村土地?zé)o法如西方國(guó)家一樣自由流轉(zhuǎn)，而土地流轉(zhuǎn)的僅僅是土地承包經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)，做為農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó)，有超過(guò)三分之二的人口以土地為收入來(lái)源，甚至做為農(nóng)村老年人口的養(yǎng)老保障，大部分農(nóng)民不會(huì)將其土地輕易的流轉(zhuǎn)出去，因此農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)量十分有限。而我國(guó)正處于實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)鍵階段，其基本要求是規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)，現(xiàn)有的土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式已不能滿足農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)規(guī)�；�。在此情況下，土地銀行在農(nóng)村的興起，不僅可以使有限的土地資源得到合理有效的配置，還可以規(guī)范現(xiàn)行農(nóng)村混亂的土地流轉(zhuǎn)行為。本文總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)土地流轉(zhuǎn)背景下的土地銀行運(yùn)營(yíng)的研究成果，在了解前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步對(duì)我國(guó)土地銀行發(fā)展模式進(jìn)行了探索性的分析。用三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單模型給出了當(dāng)前土地銀行業(yè)務(wù)各方的利益函數(shù)，同時(shí)探討除了了土地銀行的運(yùn)營(yíng)現(xiàn)狀，并由此總結(jié)了其當(dāng)前取得的成效，在一定程度上促進(jìn)了農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老體制的完善、加快了勞動(dòng)力的轉(zhuǎn)移、促進(jìn)城市化的進(jìn)程等。通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)查與案例分析法，分別對(duì)羅平土地信用合作社、彭州市土地銀行、上海漢和土地銀行等五個(gè)典型地區(qū)土地流轉(zhuǎn)模式的分析，，得出結(jié)論，現(xiàn)有的土地銀行存在一定的問(wèn)題，這些問(wèn)題必須從拓寬并確定業(yè)務(wù)范圍，建立多形式融資渠道、提高政府扶持力度，完善政府配套措施、明確功能定位，強(qiáng)化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制能力、建立統(tǒng)一的管理、估價(jià)機(jī)構(gòu)，完善土地銀行的運(yùn)營(yíng)管理這五個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，權(quán)衡各主體的利益，把農(nóng)戶的弱質(zhì)性作為發(fā)展前提，保障好農(nóng)戶的利益不受損害，同時(shí)借鑒國(guó)外銀行的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況，采取土地銀行依托現(xiàn)有的商業(yè)銀行建立與發(fā)展的模式、企業(yè)參與的土地銀行發(fā)展模式，對(duì)我國(guó)土地銀行的發(fā)展提出新的思路，從而探索出適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的新發(fā)展模式。
[Abstract]:Our country has a vast territory, but the present situation of large population and less land makes the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural land tense. With the rural labor force transferring to the city year by year, the abandoned farmland is more serious. However, the special land policy of our country makes the rural land unable to circulate freely as the western countries do, and the land circulation is only the land contract management right. As a big agricultural country, more than 2/3 people use land as the source of income. Even as the old-age security of the rural elderly, most farmers will not easily transfer their land out, so the rural land circulation is very limited. But our country is in the key stage of realizing agricultural modernization, its basic requirement is scale management, the existing land circulation mode can not meet the scale of agricultural production. In this case, the rise of land bank in rural areas can not only make the limited land resources reasonable and effective allocation, but also regulate the current rural chaotic land transfer behavior. This paper summarizes the research results of land bank operation under the background of land circulation at home and abroad, and further analyzes the development model of land bank in China on the basis of understanding the previous research. In this paper, three simple models are used to give the benefit functions of all parties in the land bank business. Besides the present operating situation of the land bank, the paper sums up its current achievements and promotes the improvement of the rural pension system to a certain extent. Speed up the transfer of labor force, promote the process of urbanization and so on. Through field investigation and case analysis, the paper analyzes the land transfer patterns in five typical areas, namely, Luo Ping Land Credit Cooperative, Pengzhou Land Bank, Shanghai Hanhe Land Bank, and draws a conclusion. There are some problems in the existing land bank. These problems must include broadening and determining the scope of business, establishing multi-form financing channels, improving the government support, perfecting the government supporting measures, defining the function orientation and strengthening the risk control ability. Set up unified management, evaluate the organization, perfect the operation management of the land bank to carry on the optimization, weigh the benefit of each main body, take the weak quality of the farmer household as the development premise, ensure the interests of the peasant household not to be harmed, At the same time, drawing lessons from the development experience of foreign banks, combining with the actual situation of our country, land banks rely on the existing commercial banks to establish and develop the model, enterprises participate in the land bank development model. This paper puts forward a new way of thinking about the development of land bank in China, and explores a new development mode suitable for our country's national conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F301;F832.3

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