【摘要】：隨著法律制度的不斷健全和完善,煙草行業(yè)在中國法治進(jìn)程加快的今天,不斷壯大發(fā)展。從宋代開始,我國就對煙草這一特殊商品實(shí)行了行業(yè)壟斷生產(chǎn)、銷售,行業(yè)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的專賣專營,可以說我國一直都重視煙草行業(yè)的特殊性,但在煙草專賣法律體系不斷發(fā)展的今天,也存在一些問題,中央與地方存在立法上的分歧,如行政主體的權(quán)限規(guī)定不一等,但地方由于實(shí)際操作的需要對《煙草專賣法》和《煙草專賣實(shí)施條例》規(guī)定的權(quán)限進(jìn)行改變,地方在立法方面超越上位法,自己獨(dú)立制定相關(guān)規(guī)定,這樣的做法不得不說存在一定的問題,在實(shí)踐中,地方煙草行政主管部門在行政執(zhí)法的過程中也存在一些問題,行業(yè)甚至在有的時候超越執(zhí)法權(quán)限,缺乏依法行政意識,給行政相對人帶來一些損失等,在利益和法律規(guī)定沖突的時候,行業(yè)由于自身政企合一的體制,而注重?zé)煵莨镜陌l(fā)展,忽略了煙草公司的另一層身份即煙草專賣行政主管部門,可以說在現(xiàn)有的體制下,是存在一些問題。 重慶市煙草專賣行政主管部門想要全面推行法治煙草建設(shè),法治煙草建設(shè)的實(shí)質(zhì)就是提高整個行業(yè)的法治水平,由于煙草行業(yè)的運(yùn)作對法律的依賴程度相當(dāng)高,所以法治水平的提高是整個法治煙草建設(shè)的核心,法治煙草的建設(shè)中心內(nèi)容之一就是法律風(fēng)險事件的防范,在行政執(zhí)法過程中,法律風(fēng)險事件的防范、應(yīng)對,將會直接關(guān)系到行業(yè)的切身利益,這里的利益不僅僅是指財產(chǎn)方面,其實(shí)在不斷規(guī)范的市場環(huán)境下,重慶煙草更加注重的是行業(yè)形象的打造,法治形象才是法治煙草建設(shè)追求的最高利益。 法律風(fēng)險防范機(jī)制的建立是法治煙草建設(shè)的第一核心內(nèi)容,防范機(jī)制就是針對風(fēng)險事件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)一管理,煙草專賣行政執(zhí)法法律風(fēng)險事件是指煙草企業(yè)在對外進(jìn)行行政執(zhí)法過程中由于行政執(zhí)法行為違反相關(guān)法律法規(guī)等規(guī)定的事件,該事件可能導(dǎo)致煙草企業(yè)或個人承擔(dān)不利的法律后果,此種事件被定義為法律風(fēng)險事件。 法律風(fēng)險防范機(jī)制是重慶法治煙草建設(shè)的核心內(nèi)容,專賣行政執(zhí)法是煙草行業(yè)區(qū)別于其他行業(yè)的根本,法律風(fēng)險防范的核心就是以行業(yè)對外執(zhí)法為核心的一種法律風(fēng)險防范,2014年,重慶煙草企業(yè)出臺了一系列法律風(fēng)險防范措施,其中以重慶煙草商業(yè)企業(yè)法律風(fēng)險識別清單為核心,基本構(gòu)筑了商業(yè)企業(yè)部分的法律風(fēng)險防范體系,雖然初步建立了該體系,但法律風(fēng)險事件一旦發(fā)生,沒有一套法律風(fēng)險事件的應(yīng)對措施,法律風(fēng)險事件發(fā)生后的應(yīng)對措施亟待完善。 行政執(zhí)法法律風(fēng)險應(yīng)對是重慶煙草法律風(fēng)險防范的一大發(fā)展,法律風(fēng)險防范是所有崗位的事前法律風(fēng)險防范,而行政執(zhí)法法律風(fēng)險應(yīng)對只是行政執(zhí)法方面,法律風(fēng)險事件出現(xiàn)后的應(yīng)對措施。當(dāng)然在實(shí)踐中,專賣局實(shí)施行政行為后,行政執(zhí)法相對人會自主地通過復(fù)議、訴訟、網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體渲染等手段進(jìn)行救濟(jì),重慶煙草專賣局可以通過該行政執(zhí)法法律風(fēng)險應(yīng)對管理進(jìn)行處理,在一定程度上保障法律風(fēng)險事件不會給行業(yè)帶來損失,尤其是形象的損害。
[Abstract]:With the perfection of the legal system and the rapid development of the tobacco industry in the process of the rule of law in China. From the beginning of the Song Dynasty, our country has carried out the industry monopoly production, sale and industry development to the special commodity of tobacco, and it can be said that our country has always attached great importance to the particularity of the tobacco industry, but there are some problems in the development of the tobacco monopoly law system. The central and local differences in the legislation, such as the administrative subject's authority, are not first, but where the authority under the tobacco monopoly law and the tobacco monopoly enforcement regulation is changed as a result of the actual operation, the place goes beyond the upper-position law in the field of legislation. In practice, the local tobacco administrative department has some problems in the course of administrative law enforcement, and the industry has even surpassed the law enforcement authority in some time, and lacks the consciousness of administration according to law. in that case of conflict between the interests and the law, the industry, due to the system of the one-in-one of the government and the enterprise, pays attention to the development of the tobacco company, and ignores the other identity of the tobacco company, namely the department of tobacco monopoly administration, and can say that under the current system, There are some problems. The tobacco monopoly administration department in Chongqing wants to carry out the rule of law tobacco construction in an all-round way, and the essence of the tobacco construction of the rule of law is to improve the rule of law of the whole industry, and because the operation of the tobacco industry is very dependent on the law High, so the improvement of the rule of law is the core of the whole rule of law tobacco construction. One of the content of the construction center of the rule of law is the prevention of the legal risk events. In the course of administrative law enforcement, the prevention and response of the legal risk events will be directly related to the cut-off of the industry. The benefit is not only the property, but in the constantly regulated market environment, Chongqing tobacco is more focused on the creation of the image of the industry, and the image of the rule of law is the highest interest in the pursuit of the rule of law tobacco construction. The establishment of the legal risk prevention mechanism is the first core content of the rule of law tobacco construction. A management, tobacco monopoly administrative law enforcement legal risk event refers to the event that the tobacco enterprise is in the process of carrying out the administrative law enforcement in the outside, which may lead to the disadvantage of the tobacco enterprise or the individual due to the violation of the relevant laws and regulations by the administrative law enforcement action. The law consequence, which is defined as the legal wind The legal risk prevention mechanism is the core of the tobacco construction of the rule of law in Chongqing, and it is the core of the tobacco industry to distinguish the tobacco industry from other industries. The core of the legal risk prevention is the legal risk prevention which is the core of the industry's foreign law enforcement. In 2014, Chongqing tobacco enterprises issued a series of legal risk prevention measures, including the core of the legal risk identification list of Chongqing tobacco commercial enterprises, and basically constructed the legal risk prevention system of the commercial enterprise part. Although the system was initially established, the legal risk Once a member has taken place, there is no one set of countermeasures to the legal risk event, and the response measures after the occurrence of the legal risk event The administrative enforcement legal risk should be a major development of the risk prevention of the tobacco law in Chongqing, and the legal risk prevention is the prior legal risk prevention of all positions, and the legal risk of the administrative law enforcement is only the administrative law enforcement and the legal risk events In practice, after the enforcement of administrative act, the administrative enforcement of the administrative law enforcement will make relief through the means of reconsideration, litigation, network media rendering and so on, and the Chongqing Tobacco Monopoly Bureau can adopt the legal risk of the administrative law enforcement. to deal with the management, to a certain extent guarantee that the legal risk events will not cause losses to the industry, especially
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.294;F426.8

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