【摘要】：當(dāng)代國際貿(mào)易形式,從產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)上大致可分為兩種：一是用要素稟賦論和比較優(yōu)勢分工來解釋的產(chǎn)業(yè)間貿(mào)易,二是基于產(chǎn)品差異化、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、發(fā)展水平多因素的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易。在貿(mào)易自由化不斷推進(jìn),經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化不斷加深的今天,產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易正漸漸替代傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)問貿(mào)易,受到世界各國的普遍重視。中國和德國作為世界貿(mào)易大國,近年來都注重調(diào)整出口商品結(jié)構(gòu),擴(kuò)大機(jī)電產(chǎn)品出口,通過發(fā)展對外貿(mào)易促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。在中德雙邊貿(mào)易額越發(fā)擴(kuò)大、協(xié)作越發(fā)緊密的背景下,探討如何提升中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易水平對我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展意義重大。 本文以國外產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易理論為依據(jù),測算近年來中國與德國機(jī)械與電子產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易指數(shù),結(jié)果表明發(fā)現(xiàn)兩國機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易總體水平較高,中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品總體以產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易為主。同時(shí)根據(jù)GHM分類法,測算15類典型機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的雙邊貿(mào)易類型,發(fā)現(xiàn)中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易主要類型是垂直型貿(mào)易形式。 明確中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易中的特點(diǎn),建立多元回歸方程,對與中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易具有關(guān)聯(lián)性的各種因素進(jìn)行回歸分析。該案例在研究雙邊機(jī)電產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的相關(guān)因素時(shí),選取了人均收入差異、國際直接投資、科研投資、對外開放度和市場規(guī)模差異五個(gè)變量。實(shí)證結(jié)果表明：中德兩國的市場規(guī)模差異與中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易水平反向變動(dòng)；國民收入程度的差距對機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易有較弱積極作用；中國科研投資、德國對外開放度對機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易有更大的積極影響；對華直接投資對機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展作用不顯著。 最終,依據(jù)實(shí)證分析的結(jié)論,對機(jī)電產(chǎn)品在中國制造和對外貿(mào)易發(fā)展中存在的問題,我們提出了具體的建議。主要政策建議有：優(yōu)化機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),大力開發(fā)差異產(chǎn)品；增加國民收入,提高綜合國力；積極改善德國對華直接投資環(huán)境：積極開展國際合作,提高對外開放程度：貫徹科教興國戰(zhàn)略,加大科研投入。 文章在兩個(gè)方面上具有創(chuàng)新之處：一是研究角度的創(chuàng)新。國內(nèi)對于產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易的研究多集中在中美、中歐以及中國與周邊國家的產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易,雖然對于整個(gè)制造業(yè)的研究頗多,很少有人將研究對象細(xì)化到機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易。鑒于近年來中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品己發(fā)展成為雙方貿(mào)易的“重頭戲”,本文將對中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易進(jìn)行客觀全面的研究；二是研究思路的創(chuàng)新。將定性分析與定量分析相結(jié)合,運(yùn)用大量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,全面且客觀地分析中德機(jī)電產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易的近況和關(guān)聯(lián)因素,在前人的研究基礎(chǔ)上形成對產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易發(fā)展建議新的思考。
[Abstract]:Contemporary international trade forms can be roughly divided into two types from the product structure: one is inter-industry trade explained by factor endowment theory and comparative advantage division of labor, the other is intra-industry trade based on product differentiation, economies of scale and level of development. With the development of trade liberalization and the deepening of economic integration, intra-industry trade is gradually taking the place of traditional trade, which is paid more and more attention by the countries all over the world. In recent years, China and Germany, as major trading countries in the world, have focused on adjusting the structure of export commodities, expanding the export of mechanical and electrical products, and promoting economic development through the development of foreign trade. Under the background of increasing bilateral trade volume and closer cooperation between China and Germany, it is of great significance for China's economic development to discuss how to improve the level of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany. Based on the theory of intra-industry trade in foreign countries, this paper calculates the intra-industry trade index of machinery and electronic products between China and Germany in recent years. The results show that the overall level of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany is relatively high. China-Germany machinery and electrical products in general to the industry-based trade. At the same time, according to the GHM classification, the bilateral trade types of 15 kinds of typical electromechanical products are calculated, and it is found that the main type of intra-industry trade between China and Germany is the vertical type of trade. The characteristics of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany are clarified and the multiple regression equations are established. The regression analysis is carried out on various factors related to the intra-industry trade of mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany. In this case, we select five variables, such as the difference of per capita income, international direct investment, scientific research investment, the degree of opening to the outside world and the market size, when studying the related factors of bilateral electromechanical product trade. The empirical results show that the difference of market size between China and Germany is reverse to the level of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany, and the difference of national income has a weak positive effect on intra-industry trade of mechanical and electrical products. China's investment in scientific research and Germany's openness to the outside world have a greater positive impact on intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products, while direct investment in China has no significant effect on the development of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products. Finally, according to the conclusion of the empirical analysis, we put forward some concrete suggestions on the problems existing in the manufacture and foreign trade development of electromechanical products in China. The main policy suggestions are as follows: optimizing the industrial structure of mechanical and electrical products, vigorously developing differential products, increasing national income and improving the overall national strength; Actively improve Germany's direct investment environment in China: actively carry out international cooperation, increase the degree of opening up, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and increase investment in scientific research. This paper has two innovations in two aspects: one is the innovation of research angle. Domestic research on intra-industry trade mainly focuses on Sino-American, China-Europe and China and neighboring countries, although there are many researches on the whole manufacturing industry, few people refine the research object to intra-industry trade of mechanical and electrical products. In view of the fact that Sino-German mechanical and electrical products have developed into the "important drama" of bilateral trade in recent years, this paper will carry out an objective and comprehensive study on the intra-industry trade of Sino-German mechanical and electrical products; second, the innovation of research ideas. Combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, and using a large amount of data to calculate, the paper comprehensively and objectively analyzes the current situation and related factors of intra-industry trade in mechanical and electrical products between China and Germany. On the basis of previous studies, a new reflection on the development of intra-industry trade is formed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.4;F752.7

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