【摘要】：2003年以來美國、日本及歐洲各國政府推出了光伏發(fā)電補(bǔ)貼政策,全球光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)不斷的發(fā)展和壯大,光伏發(fā)電應(yīng)用市場迎來了大發(fā)展,光伏發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量不斷攀升。多晶硅、光伏組件的需求量大增,高昂的利潤率,極大地刺激了中國企業(yè),中國的光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)迅速的發(fā)展。短短幾年時(shí)間,中國涌現(xiàn)出無錫尚德、英利、天合等多家美國上市企業(yè),組件產(chǎn)能達(dá)到了40GW,多晶硅企業(yè)在沒有掌握核心技術(shù)的情況下,也紛紛上馬,盲目擴(kuò)產(chǎn)。中國光伏制造業(yè)產(chǎn)能出現(xiàn)過剩,而因?yàn)榘l(fā)電價(jià)格高,中國光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)的應(yīng)用環(huán)節(jié)—光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)的發(fā)展卻遲遲未有啟動(dòng)。這種現(xiàn)象造成了中國的光伏產(chǎn)業(yè)“兩頭在外”,兩頭受制于人。本文正是基于這種背景,來分析了中國光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)所面臨的經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并提出和分析應(yīng)對(duì)措施。 論文基于光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的形成機(jī)理,從供給與需求矛盾方面進(jìn)行分析。供給方面包括：發(fā)展初期行業(yè)利潤的吸引、中央政府的政策引導(dǎo)及激勵(lì)、地方政府的強(qiáng)大推動(dòng)及支持、發(fā)展規(guī)劃缺乏有效的約束、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈低端加工和制造、進(jìn)入門檻的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低。市場需求的約束包括：國際市場的增長及波動(dòng)、國內(nèi)市場培育不成熟、國內(nèi)市場的狹小空間等。 光伏發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)主要有：政策性經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、電網(wǎng)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、屋頂光伏發(fā)電的經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和光伏電站的設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)及運(yùn)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 分析得出的結(jié)論是：光伏發(fā)電中做好綜合規(guī)劃對(duì)于有效應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)十分重要；同時(shí)要繼續(xù)做好電價(jià)補(bǔ)貼支持,這對(duì)于光伏發(fā)電企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn),走出經(jīng)營困境至關(guān)重要；同時(shí)電網(wǎng)方面也應(yīng)積極響應(yīng)國家號(hào)召,做好電網(wǎng)建設(shè)及改革。文章最后還對(duì)光伏電站如何選擇電站設(shè)備提出了相關(guān)建議,這些建議是作者在實(shí)際工作中的體會(huì)和總結(jié),具有一定的實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:Since 2003, the governments of the United States, Japan and European countries have introduced the policy of photovoltaic power generation subsidy. The global photovoltaic power generation industry has been developing and expanding, the application market of photovoltaic power has ushered in a great development, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation has been rising. The demand for polysilicon, photovoltaic modules and high profit margins have greatly stimulated the rapid development of China's photovoltaic power generation industry. In just a few years, Wuxi Suntech, Yingli, Tianhe and many other American listed companies have emerged in China. The component capacity has reached 40GW, and the polysilicon enterprises have started to expand their production blindly without mastering the core technology. There is excess capacity in China's photovoltaic manufacturing industry, but the development of photovoltaic companies, the application link of China's photovoltaic industry, has not yet started due to the high price of power generation. This phenomenon caused China's photovoltaic industry to "two in the outside", the two ends of the control. Based on this background, this paper analyzes the operating risks faced by photovoltaic power generation enterprises in China, and puts forward and analyzes the countermeasures. Based on the formation mechanism of the operating risk of photovoltaic power generation industry, this paper analyzes the contradiction between supply and demand. The supply aspect includes: the attraction of the industry profit in the initial stage of development, the policy guidance and encouragement of the central government, the strong push and support of the local government, the lack of effective constraints in the development planning, the low end processing and manufacturing of the industrial chain, and the low standard of entry threshold. The constraints of market demand include the growth and fluctuation of the international market, the immature cultivation of the domestic market, the narrow space of the domestic market, etc. The main risks faced by photovoltaic power generation industry include the risk of policy management, the security risk of power grid, the operating risk of roof photovoltaic power generation and the risk of design, construction and operation of photovoltaic power station. The conclusion of the analysis is that it is very important for photovoltaic power generation to effectively deal with the operational risks, and to continue to do a good job of price subsidies, which is very important for photovoltaic power generation enterprises to deal with the operational risks and get out of the business dilemma. At the same time, the power grid should also respond to the national call to do a good job in grid construction and reform. At the end of the paper, some suggestions on how to select the equipment of photovoltaic power station are put forward. These suggestions are the experience and summary of the author in practical work and have certain practicability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61

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本文編號(hào)：2327256