【摘要】：電力工業(yè)是資金密集型行業(yè),電力生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)中的固定成本比例相對(duì)較大,電價(jià)政策考慮電力企業(yè)的成本結(jié)構(gòu),使價(jià)格等于成本,才能使電價(jià)效率最大。國(guó)家提出的考慮用戶負(fù)荷特性進(jìn)行銷售電價(jià)分類改革的方案也說明了國(guó)家高度重視電價(jià)制定的效率,負(fù)荷率電價(jià)體現(xiàn)了電價(jià)應(yīng)該合理反映用戶供電成本的要求,不同負(fù)荷率用戶的供電成本不同,所以電價(jià)也應(yīng)不同。同時(shí),負(fù)荷率電價(jià)能夠應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)用戶提高用電設(shè)備利用率,降低容量占用,引導(dǎo)資源優(yōu)化配置,促進(jìn)電力企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)方式。本文主要內(nèi)容包括五方面：第一,分析了負(fù)荷率電價(jià)的基本原理。不同用戶的負(fù)荷率影響所消費(fèi)電能的成本,不同負(fù)荷率用戶的容量成本與電量成本結(jié)構(gòu)不同。第二,梳理和總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外負(fù)荷率電價(jià)研究成果和政策實(shí)踐,為我國(guó)負(fù)荷率電價(jià)政策的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第三,將電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)容量成本在不同電壓等級(jí)的各負(fù)荷率類型用戶的基本電價(jià)和電度電價(jià)間進(jìn)行分?jǐn)?進(jìn)而完成負(fù)荷率電價(jià)的理論模型設(shè)計(jì)。第四,通過對(duì)相關(guān)參數(shù)進(jìn)行合理假設(shè),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)好的負(fù)荷率電價(jià)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析,驗(yàn)證負(fù)荷率電價(jià)模型的合理性,并初步估算負(fù)荷率電價(jià)的預(yù)期效果。第五,根據(jù)模型的數(shù)值分析,提出具體的適合我國(guó)實(shí)際情況的負(fù)荷率電價(jià)實(shí)施建議。本文的主要研究成果有兩項(xiàng)：第一,目前,負(fù)荷率電價(jià)改革還處在初步階段,沒有系統(tǒng)地定價(jià)模型,本文根據(jù)國(guó)家銷售電價(jià)改革需要,探索性地建立了負(fù)荷率電價(jià)理論模型。這也是本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)之一。第二,通過對(duì)模型進(jìn)行數(shù)值分析,預(yù)計(jì)了負(fù)荷率電價(jià)的實(shí)施效果,本文從靜態(tài)和動(dòng)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面分析負(fù)荷率電價(jià)的特殊效果,這些效果都是常規(guī)電價(jià)政策較難協(xié)調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這也是本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Power industry is a capital-intensive industry, and the fixed cost ratio in power production and operation is relatively large. The electricity price policy considers the cost structure of the power enterprise and makes the price equal to the cost, so that the electricity price efficiency can be maximized. The plan put forward by the state to reform the classification of electricity prices considering the characteristics of consumer load also shows that the country attaches great importance to the efficiency of electricity price formulation, and the load rate price reflects the demand that the electricity price should reasonably reflect the user's power supply cost. Different load rate user's power supply cost is different, so the electricity price should also be different. At the same time, the load rate price should guide the users to improve the utilization ratio of power equipment, reduce the capacity occupation, guide the optimal allocation of resources, and promote the power enterprise to change its growth mode. The main contents of this paper include five aspects: first, the basic principle of load rate price is analyzed. The cost of electricity consumption is affected by the load rate of different users, and the cost of capacity and cost of electricity is different among the users of different load rates. Secondly, the research results and policy practice of load rate electricity price at home and abroad are summarized, which lays a foundation for the design and implementation of load rate electricity price policy in China. Thirdly, the capacity cost of power system is divided between the basic price and the electricity price of different load rate types, and then the theoretical model of load rate price is designed. Fourthly, through the reasonable assumption of the relevant parameters, the numerical analysis of the designed load rate price model is carried out to verify the rationality of the load rate price model, and the preliminary estimate of the expected effect of the load rate price. Fifthly, according to the numerical analysis of the model, the paper puts forward specific suggestions for the implementation of the load rate electricity price which is suitable for the actual situation of our country. The main research results of this paper are as follows: first, at present, the reform of load rate electricity price is still in the initial stage, and there is no systematic pricing model. According to the needs of the national sales price reform, this paper establishes a theoretical model of load rate electricity price. This is one of the innovations of this paper. Secondly, through the numerical analysis of the model, the implementation effect of load rate price is predicted. This paper analyzes the special effect of load rate price from static and dynamic aspects. These effects are difficult to achieve by conventional price policy. This is also the innovation of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.61

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