【摘要】：自20世紀90年代克魯格曼提出新經(jīng)濟地理理論，產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚就成為主流經(jīng)濟學研究的焦點問題之一。汽車制造業(yè)因具有較強的產(chǎn)業(yè)關(guān)聯(lián)度和較長的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈，相對適合集聚式發(fā)展。目前，中國汽車制造業(yè)已經(jīng)成為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。但是，受計劃經(jīng)濟時代行政指令式產(chǎn)業(yè)布局的影響，中國汽車制造業(yè)的空間分布較為不合理，產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平仍然偏低，近年來更是出現(xiàn)了分散的趨勢。為此，如何調(diào)整汽車制造業(yè)的空間布局，提高集聚水平已成為當前中國汽車制造業(yè)進一步發(fā)展亟待解決的問題之一。 本文嘗試采用理論與實證相結(jié)合的研究方法，通過對產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的相關(guān)理論與文獻的梳理，在此基礎(chǔ)之上，，對中國汽車制造業(yè)兩位數(shù)及三位數(shù)行業(yè)集聚的變動趨勢進行測算分析，并對中國汽車制造業(yè)集聚影響因素的影響機制進行分析，嘗試并構(gòu)建基于面板數(shù)據(jù)的計量經(jīng)濟模型，對影響因素進行實證檢驗，以期對中國汽車制造業(yè)的發(fā)展提供合理的政策建議。 行業(yè)層面和地區(qū)層面中國汽車制造業(yè)兩位數(shù)及三位數(shù)行業(yè)集聚程度的測算結(jié)果均顯示汽車制造業(yè)集聚程度偏低。在行業(yè)層面，本文使用空間基尼系數(shù)和修正后的EG指數(shù)對20032011年間兩位數(shù)及三位數(shù)行業(yè)進行測算，結(jié)果表明中國汽車制造業(yè)整體集聚程度偏低，且呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢，其中三位數(shù)行業(yè)的集聚程度略高于兩位數(shù)行業(yè)。在地區(qū)層面，本文測算了20032012年間汽車制造業(yè)兩位數(shù)行業(yè)的產(chǎn)值比重以及20032011年間兩位數(shù)及三位數(shù)行業(yè)的區(qū)位熵，結(jié)果表明目前已經(jīng)形成以上海、吉林、廣東等為主的集聚中心，但無論兩位數(shù)行業(yè)還是三位數(shù)行業(yè)的集聚程度均呈下降趨勢。 通過對中國汽車制造業(yè)兩位數(shù)行業(yè)、整車制造和汽車零部件及配件制造兩個三位數(shù)行業(yè)進行計量分析，得出對外開放度、勞動力成本、地區(qū)經(jīng)濟水平、基期產(chǎn)業(yè)水平和地方保護是促進兩位數(shù)行業(yè)集聚的因素，運輸成本為抑制兩位數(shù)行業(yè)集聚的因素；地區(qū)經(jīng)濟水平、運輸成本和基期產(chǎn)業(yè)水平是促進整車制造業(yè)集聚的因素；地區(qū)經(jīng)濟水平、基期產(chǎn)業(yè)水平和地方保護是促進汽車零部件及配件制造業(yè)集聚的因素。 在理論與實證分析的基礎(chǔ)之上，提出了提高中國汽車制造業(yè)集聚水平的政策建議：第一，繼續(xù)深化對外開放；第二，加強專業(yè)化人才培養(yǎng)；第三，進一步降低運輸成本；第四，取消地方保護。
[Abstract]:Since Krugman put forward the theory of new economic geography in 1990's, industrial agglomeration has become one of the focus problems in mainstream economics. Automobile manufacturing industry is relatively suitable for agglomeration development because of its strong industrial correlation and long industrial chain. At present, China's automobile manufacturing industry has become one of the pillar industries of national economic development. However, under the influence of the administrative command industrial layout in the planned economy era, the spatial distribution of China's automobile manufacturing industry is unreasonable, the level of industrial agglomeration is still low, and in recent years there has been a trend of dispersion. Therefore, how to adjust the spatial layout of automobile manufacturing industry and improve the level of agglomeration has become one of the urgent problems to be solved in the further development of China's automobile manufacturing industry. This paper attempts to use the combination of theory and empirical research method, through combing the relevant theory and literature of industrial agglomeration, on the basis of this, the change trend of double-digit and tri-digit industry agglomeration in China's automobile manufacturing industry is calculated and analyzed. The paper also analyzes the influencing mechanism of the agglomeration factors of China's automobile manufacturing industry, tries to construct an econometric model based on panel data, and makes an empirical test on the influencing factors. With a view to the development of China's auto manufacturing industry to provide reasonable policy recommendations. The measurement results of double-digit and tri-digit industry agglomeration in China's automobile manufacturing industry show that the agglomeration degree of automobile manufacturing industry is low. At the industry level, this paper uses the spatial Gini coefficient and the revised EG index to measure the double-digit and three-digit industries from 2003 to 2011. The results show that the overall agglomeration degree of China's automobile manufacturing industry is low and showing a downward trend. Among them, the three-digit industry agglomeration degree is slightly higher than the double-digit industry. At the regional level, this paper calculates the proportion of the output value of the double-digit industries in the automotive manufacturing industry from 2003 to 2012 and the location entropy of the double-digit and tri-digit industries in the period of 20032011. The results show that Shanghai, Jilin, Guangdong and so on have become the main gathering centers at present. But both double-digit industry and three-digit industry agglomeration show a downward trend. Through the econometric analysis of the double-digit industry of China's automobile manufacturing industry, the whole automobile manufacturing industry and the automobile parts and accessories manufacturing industry, the degree of opening to the outside world, the labor cost, and the regional economic level are obtained. The industrial level and local protection in the base period are the factors to promote the agglomeration of double-digit industries, the transportation cost is the factor to restrain the agglomeration of the double-digit industries, the regional economic level, the transportation cost and the industrial level in the base period are the factors to promote the agglomeration of the whole automobile manufacturing industry. Regional economic level, base industrial level and local protection are the factors to promote the agglomeration of auto parts and accessories manufacturing industry. On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the agglomeration level of China's automobile manufacturing industry: first, continue to deepen the opening to the outside world; second, strengthen the training of specialized talents; third, further reduce transportation costs; fourth, Remove local protection.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F426.471

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