本文選題：美國食品監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：食品安全立法　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為全世界公認(rèn)最安全食品產(chǎn)地之一的美國,其食品安全監(jiān)管體系的高效及廣泛應(yīng)用保證了食品安全這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),而此體系的建立、發(fā)展可追溯到1906年。在1906年之前,19世紀(jì)末,20世紀(jì)初的美國,正逐步由農(nóng)業(yè)社會轉(zhuǎn)向工業(yè)社會。當(dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)進(jìn)步速度極快,經(jīng)濟(jì)亦蓬勃發(fā)展,人們也逐步開始注重生活質(zhì)量,而食品安全則為重中之重。時(shí)任美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福在看過社會學(xué)家辛克萊的小說《屠場》中所提到令人作嘔的肉類食品的衛(wèi)生狀況后,結(jié)合人們對食品衛(wèi)生及安全的訴求,這一切都引起總統(tǒng)羅斯福的高度重視,最終推動(dòng)了美國食品安全監(jiān)管體系的建立。本文以美國食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的建立和1906年美國《純凈食品和藥品法案》(Pure Food and Drug Act)的制定為起點(diǎn),討論美國食品安全監(jiān)管體系的建立以及不斷地健全和完善,得出其監(jiān)管體系的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn),為我國的食品安全監(jiān)管體系的發(fā)展和完善提供參考作用。 本論文共分為七章： 第一章是緒論,主要討論本論文的研究背景,研究思路與研究方法,以及研究該論文最終所要達(dá)到的目的和意義。同時(shí)對食品安全以及食品安全監(jiān)管體系相關(guān)概念進(jìn)行界別,區(qū)分我國國內(nèi)與美國關(guān)于食品安全及其相關(guān)概念。討論國內(nèi)外關(guān)于食品安全監(jiān)管體系研究的文獻(xiàn)綜述和理論分析以及本論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)和不足點(diǎn)。 第二章到第六章重點(diǎn)討論美國食品安全監(jiān)管體系。(1)深入討論美國最權(quán)威的監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)食品藥品監(jiān)督管理局(Food and Drug Administration)的建立,以及其他食品安全監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置,并明確各機(jī)構(gòu)權(quán)責(zé)職能。(2)1906年美國《純凈食品和藥品法案》(Pure Food and Drug Act)的頒布對于美國的其他食品安全法律法規(guī)的制定具有重要的意義,因此以《純凈食品和藥品法案》為基礎(chǔ),討論后續(xù)其他食品安全法律法規(guī)的建立和完善。(3)對美國食品從業(yè)者的自我監(jiān)管和強(qiáng)制性賠償制度進(jìn)行討論,主要為HACCP危機(jī)處理機(jī)制、缺陷食品召回制度等食品業(yè)者自律制度以及強(qiáng)制懲罰性賠償制度的實(shí)施。(4)重點(diǎn)討論美國對于社會大眾的食品安全信息公開機(jī)制,從而體現(xiàn)出食品安全監(jiān)管的公開性及透明度。(5)除機(jī)構(gòu)、法律制度之外的社會團(tuán)體、新聞媒體和消費(fèi)者等社會媒介的監(jiān)督。 在論文的最后一章中,總結(jié)美國食品安全監(jiān)管體系的特點(diǎn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),對我國當(dāng)前的食品安全監(jiān)管體系進(jìn)行拷問,得出我國食品安全監(jiān)管中存在的問題,對美國食品安全監(jiān)管體系進(jìn)行參考,以期對我國現(xiàn)行的食品安全監(jiān)管體系提出較為實(shí)際可行的方法與建議。
[Abstract]:As one of the safest food producing areas in the world, the United States, whose food safety regulatory system is highly efficient and widely used, ensures the realization of the goal of food safety, and the establishment of this system, The development dates back to 1906. Before 1906, the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century was gradually shifting from an agricultural society to an industrial society. At that time, scientific progress was extremely rapid, the economy was booming, and people gradually began to focus on the quality of life. Food safety is the top priority. After reading the disgusting state of health of meat food in Sinclair's novel, Slaughterhouse, President Roosevelt combined people's demands for food hygiene and safety. All of which drew President Roosevelt's attention. This paper starts with the establishment of Food and Drug Administration and the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. This paper discusses the establishment of the food safety supervision system in the United States and its continuous improvement and perfection. The beneficial experience of the food safety supervision system in the United States is obtained, which provides a reference for the development and improvement of the food safety supervision system in China. This thesis is divided into seven chapters:. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly discusses the research background, research ideas and research methods, as well as the purpose and significance of this paper. At the same time, the relevant concepts of food safety and food safety regulatory system are discussed. This paper makes a distinction between China and the United States on food safety and its related concepts, and discusses the literature review and theoretical analysis of food safety supervision system at home and abroad, as well as the innovations and shortcomings of this paper. Chapters II to 6th focus on the food safety regulatory system in the United States. (1) the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration, the most authoritative regulatory body in the United States, and the establishment of other food safety regulatory bodies, The enactment of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 is of great significance to the formulation of other food safety laws and regulations in the United States, and is therefore based on the Pure Food and Drug Act, To discuss the establishment and perfection of other food safety laws and regulations, and to discuss the self-regulation and compulsory compensation system of food practitioners in the United States, mainly the HACCP crisis management mechanism. The implementation of the food industry self-discipline system and compulsory punitive damages system, such as the defective food recall system, focuses on the food safety information disclosure mechanism of the United States to the general public. Thus, the openness and transparency of food safety supervision are reflected in the supervision of social media, such as institutions, legal institutions, news media and consumers. In the last chapter of the paper, we summarize the characteristics and experience of the food safety supervision system in the United States, question the current food safety supervision system of our country, and find out the problems existing in the food safety supervision in our country. This paper makes a reference to the American food safety supervision system in order to put forward some practical and feasible methods and suggestions for the current food safety supervision system in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F203;F471.2;F426.82

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