本文關(guān)鍵詞：電動(dòng)汽車及其充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)價(jià)值評(píng)估　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：電動(dòng)汽車的推廣與應(yīng)用已經(jīng)成為智能電網(wǎng)發(fā)展不可或缺的一部分。電動(dòng)汽車不僅可以實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能減排,還可以提高電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行效率。尤其在引入V2G(Vehicle-to-grid)技術(shù)后,電動(dòng)汽車作為分布式能源向電網(wǎng)提供儲(chǔ)能服務(wù)。這樣既可以削峰填谷、平滑負(fù)荷曲線,又可以作為備用容量協(xié)助可再生能源上網(wǎng)。正是由于電動(dòng)汽車有上述優(yōu)良特性,世界各國(guó)政府都提出相關(guān)政策來(lái)推動(dòng)電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。這些舉措也引起了業(yè)界的廣泛關(guān)注。 對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車及其充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行價(jià)值評(píng)估是把電動(dòng)汽車和充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)做一個(gè)整體的分布式能源,多方面地建立評(píng)估模型,通過優(yōu)化運(yùn)行使電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行效益和環(huán)境保護(hù)效益實(shí)現(xiàn)最大化。而對(duì)不同投資主體而言,電動(dòng)汽車及其充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)體現(xiàn)的價(jià)值也是不同的,所以根據(jù)不同的利益相關(guān)方分別建模評(píng)估很有必要。 本文在研究了中國(guó)電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和電動(dòng)汽車充電對(duì)電網(wǎng)影響機(jī)理的前提下,分別從供給側(cè)、用戶側(cè)、環(huán)境保護(hù)三個(gè)方面評(píng)估其價(jià)值,并提出了使電動(dòng)汽車及其充電網(wǎng)絡(luò)更好發(fā)揮價(jià)值的政策建議。供給側(cè)價(jià)值評(píng)估模型以年收益最大為目標(biāo),從電費(fèi)收入、低儲(chǔ)高發(fā)效益、為分布式能源提供備用儲(chǔ)能服務(wù)三個(gè)層面進(jìn)行評(píng)估。用戶側(cè)收益則是通過燃油和耗電成本的對(duì)比,得出了電動(dòng)汽車行駛一年能源費(fèi)用的節(jié)約值。從環(huán)境保護(hù)層面考量的節(jié)能減排價(jià)值則是在與普通燃油車的對(duì)比下,用全壽命周期的方法并參考到電源結(jié)構(gòu)的不同情境進(jìn)行估算的。全壽命周期主要是指汽車的制造過程和行駛過程。同時(shí)本文還采用了電動(dòng)汽車推廣量的規(guī)劃數(shù),對(duì)碳減排量進(jìn)行了估算。政策建議是在前文分析的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車充換電站的實(shí)地調(diào)研提煉的,以求為電動(dòng)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供參考。
[Abstract]:The promotion and application of electric vehicles have become an indispensable part of the development of smart grid. Electric vehicles can not only achieve energy saving and emission reduction. It can also improve the efficiency of power grid operation, especially after the introduction of V2GV Vehicle-to-gridd technology. As a distributed energy source, electric vehicles provide energy storage services to the power grid, which can not only cut the peak and fill the valley, but also smooth the load curve. It can also be used as a reserve capacity to facilitate renewable energy access to the Internet, precisely because of the above excellent features of electric vehicles. Governments around the world have proposed policies to promote the development of the electric vehicle industry. These measures have also aroused widespread concern in the industry. To evaluate the value of electric vehicle and its charging network is to regard electric vehicle and charging network as a whole distributed energy, and establish the evaluation model in many aspects. By optimizing operation, the benefits of grid operation and environmental protection are maximized. For different investors, the value of electric vehicle and its charging network is also different. So it is necessary to model and evaluate according to different stakeholders. On the premise of studying the development status of electric vehicles in China and the influence mechanism of electric vehicle charging on power grid, this paper evaluates its value from three aspects: supply side, user side and environmental protection. The paper also puts forward some policy suggestions to make the electric vehicle and its charging network better play its value. The supply-side value evaluation model aims at the maximum annual income, from the electricity revenue, low storage and high efficiency. Provision of reserve energy storage services for distributed energy is assessed at three levels. The user-side benefits are measured by comparing fuel and power costs. The energy saving value of the electric vehicle running in one year is obtained. The value of energy saving and emission reduction from the environmental protection level is compared with the ordinary fuel vehicle. The whole life cycle is estimated by using the method of life cycle and referring to the different situations of the power supply structure. The whole life cycle mainly refers to the manufacturing process and the driving process of the automobile. At the same time, the planning number of the popularizing quantity of the electric vehicle is adopted in this paper. Based on the above analysis, the policy suggestions are extracted from the field investigation of electric vehicle charging and replacing power stations in order to provide a reference for the development of electric vehicle industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F426.471

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