資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中的政府扶持政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-01 15:36
【摘要】：當(dāng)今,資源緊缺的同時伴隨著環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)退化已成為全球的嚴(yán)重問題,引起了全世界的警醒與關(guān)注,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式粗放和線性、不尊重生態(tài)規(guī)律的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式是造成這一切的主要根源。人類從生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡協(xié)調(diào)、物質(zhì)循環(huán)的原理得到啟示,認(rèn)識到資源可以通過物質(zhì)循環(huán)的方式得到更充分、更高效的利用,在集約型生產(chǎn)方式下,廢棄物不再是廢物,而是可以循環(huán)利用的資源。廢棄物資源化是打通物質(zhì)閉路循環(huán)通道的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),在經(jīng)濟(jì)社會體制下,廢棄物的回收循環(huán)和處理除了遵循生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生態(tài)平衡和物質(zhì)循環(huán)的規(guī)律外,更需要發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制,使更多的市場主體從事廢棄物的回收再利用活動,帶動資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展。我國改革開放以來GDP飛速增長已為世界矚目,但增長方式粗放同樣為世界矚目,許多城市垃圾排放和堆存量快速增長,處理負(fù)荷日益增大,令政府不堪重負(fù),環(huán)境壓力和污染風(fēng)險加大令公眾憂慮。在世界范圍內(nèi),我國人均資源占有量不高,各種生產(chǎn)所需原材料儲備不夠,特別是與國家重點(diǎn)行業(yè)息息相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵資源也非常缺乏,不利于經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)步增長。發(fā)展資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè),從我國建設(shè)“生態(tài)文明”、發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)的要求上來看,都已十分迫切。同時,發(fā)展資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)不僅有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)、緩解資源能源危機(jī),還有利于我國拓展產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域、促進(jìn)科技水平發(fā)展,對帶動整體經(jīng)濟(jì),改善就業(yè)環(huán)境,也能發(fā)揮良好的促進(jìn)作用。資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)在市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,會產(chǎn)生一定的正外部性,如果單純依靠市場主體發(fā)揮主觀能動性,進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),是無法滿足社會的總體需求的。因此必須要依靠政府的政策法規(guī)的規(guī)定、引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范,建立激勵機(jī)制和發(fā)揮市場機(jī)制進(jìn)行培育和扶持,出臺保障措施進(jìn)行保障,形成長效機(jī)制和穩(wěn)定市場,以保證長期持續(xù)發(fā)展。我國目前大力發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì),并將資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)納入國家重點(diǎn)扶持的“戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)”體系之中,從中央至地方,都將推動資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)作為了一段時期的工作重點(diǎn)。伴隨著各項(xiàng)扶持政策的相繼出臺,我國的資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有了較快的發(fā)展,但過程中也暴露出一些問題。因而筆者認(rèn)為,有必要對資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)的政府扶持政策的現(xiàn)存問題及原因進(jìn)行總結(jié),以更好地出臺針對性政策促進(jìn)資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展。本文共分為五部分。首先,闡述研究背景和理論、現(xiàn)實(shí)意義,繼而梳理國內(nèi)外與此相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)研究,從而確定研究思路和研究方法；接著,界定和闡明了資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)的定義、構(gòu)成和特征,并從循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論、政府干預(yù)理論、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策理論出發(fā),分析了政府扶持資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的理論依據(jù)；其次,從法律法規(guī)、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵、行政引導(dǎo)政策三方面對現(xiàn)有資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的政府扶持政策內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理歸納,并找出其問題,總結(jié)問題原因；之后,介紹德國、日本、美國三個發(fā)達(dá)國家發(fā)展資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持政策,并總結(jié)其對我國的啟示；最后,為完善我國資源再生產(chǎn)業(yè)的扶持政策提出了對策及建議：即理順產(chǎn)業(yè)管理體制,完善產(chǎn)業(yè)法律體系,優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)投資環(huán)境,加快產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新,加強(qiáng)社會宣傳教育。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the shortage of resources is accompanied by environmental pollution, and ecological degradation has become a serious problem in the world, which has caused the alarm and attention of the whole world, the extensive and linear economic growth mode, and the economic mode that does not respect the ecological law is the main source of all this. From the balance of the ecosystem and the principle of material circulation, we know that the resources can be more fully and more efficient through the way of material circulation. In intensive mode of production, the waste is no longer waste, but it can be recycled. The resource of the waste is the key part of the closed circulation channel of the material. In the economic and social system, the recycling and treatment of the wastes need to play the market mechanism in addition to the regulation of the ecological balance of the ecosystem and the circulation of the material. And a more market main body is used for recycling and recycling the waste, and the resource regeneration and industrialization development is driven. Since China's reform and opening-up, the rapid growth of GDP has attracted the attention of the world, but the mode of growth is also the world's attention, and many urban waste discharge and pile stock rapidly grow, the processing load is increasing, and the government is overburdened, and the environmental pressure and the risk of pollution increase public concern. In the world, the per-capita resource of our country is not high, the stock of raw materials required for various production is not enough, especially the key resources that are closely related to the national key industry are also very lacking, which is not conducive to the steady growth of the economy. The development of the resource regeneration industry is very urgent from the requirements of the construction of the "ecological civilization" and the development of the circular economy in our country. At the same time, the development of the resource regeneration industry is not only beneficial to the environment protection, but also to the energy crisis of the resource, but also to the development of the industrial field of our country, to promote the development of the science and technology level, to drive the overall economy, to improve the employment environment, and to play a good role. Under the condition of market economy, the resource regeneration industry will produce a certain positive externality, and if the subjective initiative of the market main body is solely dependent on the production, it is impossible to meet the overall demand of the society. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the provisions of the government's policies and regulations, to guide and regulate, to establish the incentive mechanism and to give full play to the cultivation and support of the market mechanism, to introduce the safeguard measures to guarantee the long-term mechanism and to stabilize the market, so as to ensure the long-term sustainable development. In our country, the circular economy is vigorously developed, and the resource regeneration industry is integrated into the national key-supported "strategic emerging industries" system, from the center to the local, the resource regeneration industry will be promoted as the focus of a period of work. With the successive introduction of the supporting policies, the development of the resource regeneration industry in China has developed rapidly, but some problems are also exposed in the process. Therefore, the author holds that it is necessary to make a summary of the existing problems and reasons of the government support policy of the resource regeneration industry, so as to improve the development of the resource regeneration industry in a better way. This paper is divided into five parts. First of all, the research background and the theory and the practical significance are set forth, and then the relevant academic research at home and abroad is analyzed, so as to determine the research ideas and the research methods; then, the definition, composition and characteristics of the resource regeneration industry are defined and clarified, and from the theory of circular economy and the government intervention theory, On the basis of the theory of industrial policy, the theoretical basis for the development of the government's supporting resources is analyzed, and the contents of the government support policy of the existing resource regeneration industry are summarized from the aspects of laws and regulations, economic incentive and administrative guidance policy, and the problems are found out. This paper summarized the cause of the problem, and then introduced the support policy of the three developed countries in Germany, Japan and the United States to develop the resource regeneration industry, and summarized its enlightenment to our country; and finally, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the supporting policy of the resource regeneration industry in our country, namely, to straighten out the industry management system, To perfect the legal system of the industry, to optimize the investment environment of the industry, to accelerate the technological innovation of the industry and to strengthen the publicity and education of the society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F426;D630
本文編號：2451669
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the shortage of resources is accompanied by environmental pollution, and ecological degradation has become a serious problem in the world, which has caused the alarm and attention of the whole world, the extensive and linear economic growth mode, and the economic mode that does not respect the ecological law is the main source of all this. From the balance of the ecosystem and the principle of material circulation, we know that the resources can be more fully and more efficient through the way of material circulation. In intensive mode of production, the waste is no longer waste, but it can be recycled. The resource of the waste is the key part of the closed circulation channel of the material. In the economic and social system, the recycling and treatment of the wastes need to play the market mechanism in addition to the regulation of the ecological balance of the ecosystem and the circulation of the material. And a more market main body is used for recycling and recycling the waste, and the resource regeneration and industrialization development is driven. Since China's reform and opening-up, the rapid growth of GDP has attracted the attention of the world, but the mode of growth is also the world's attention, and many urban waste discharge and pile stock rapidly grow, the processing load is increasing, and the government is overburdened, and the environmental pressure and the risk of pollution increase public concern. In the world, the per-capita resource of our country is not high, the stock of raw materials required for various production is not enough, especially the key resources that are closely related to the national key industry are also very lacking, which is not conducive to the steady growth of the economy. The development of the resource regeneration industry is very urgent from the requirements of the construction of the "ecological civilization" and the development of the circular economy in our country. At the same time, the development of the resource regeneration industry is not only beneficial to the environment protection, but also to the energy crisis of the resource, but also to the development of the industrial field of our country, to promote the development of the science and technology level, to drive the overall economy, to improve the employment environment, and to play a good role. Under the condition of market economy, the resource regeneration industry will produce a certain positive externality, and if the subjective initiative of the market main body is solely dependent on the production, it is impossible to meet the overall demand of the society. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on the provisions of the government's policies and regulations, to guide and regulate, to establish the incentive mechanism and to give full play to the cultivation and support of the market mechanism, to introduce the safeguard measures to guarantee the long-term mechanism and to stabilize the market, so as to ensure the long-term sustainable development. In our country, the circular economy is vigorously developed, and the resource regeneration industry is integrated into the national key-supported "strategic emerging industries" system, from the center to the local, the resource regeneration industry will be promoted as the focus of a period of work. With the successive introduction of the supporting policies, the development of the resource regeneration industry in China has developed rapidly, but some problems are also exposed in the process. Therefore, the author holds that it is necessary to make a summary of the existing problems and reasons of the government support policy of the resource regeneration industry, so as to improve the development of the resource regeneration industry in a better way. This paper is divided into five parts. First of all, the research background and the theory and the practical significance are set forth, and then the relevant academic research at home and abroad is analyzed, so as to determine the research ideas and the research methods; then, the definition, composition and characteristics of the resource regeneration industry are defined and clarified, and from the theory of circular economy and the government intervention theory, On the basis of the theory of industrial policy, the theoretical basis for the development of the government's supporting resources is analyzed, and the contents of the government support policy of the existing resource regeneration industry are summarized from the aspects of laws and regulations, economic incentive and administrative guidance policy, and the problems are found out. This paper summarized the cause of the problem, and then introduced the support policy of the three developed countries in Germany, Japan and the United States to develop the resource regeneration industry, and summarized its enlightenment to our country; and finally, put forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the supporting policy of the resource regeneration industry in our country, namely, to straighten out the industry management system, To perfect the legal system of the industry, to optimize the investment environment of the industry, to accelerate the technological innovation of the industry and to strengthen the publicity and education of the society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F426;D630
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