【摘要】：“如何改善中國的環(huán)境質(zhì)量?”這個問題對任何國家近幾年來越來越重要。由于空氣與水污染問題直接關(guān)系著人類健康和幸福,這兩個問題應(yīng)該被給予優(yōu)先治理的地位。中國政府雖然為了改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量,采取了相應(yīng)的措施,但是為了達(dá)到重回碧海藍(lán)天的目標(biāo)仍需要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)環(huán)境治理的力度。在探討中國如何重獲宜人的環(huán)境質(zhì)量的途徑時,日本在過去五十年治理環(huán)境的努力可以為中國提供十分適合并可靠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,日本在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面取得飛速發(fā)展的同時,日本在對抗環(huán)境惡化方面被公認(rèn)做出了巨大的努力,有效地改善了環(huán)境質(zhì)量,使得日本的局面可以生活在宜人的環(huán)境當(dāng)中。日本和中國雖然在政治體制和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)方面多有不同,但是日本的經(jīng)驗(yàn)仍然對中國的污染減排政策有巨大借鑒價值。本研究進(jìn)行了對日中污染排放與工業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系的對比研究,探索控制大氣污染物(SO2)排放控制和水污染(COD)控制的有效手段。為了深入分析污染物排放與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系,本研究使用了“Effekt analysis”的方法。在這個方法里,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)被分成三個次級指標(biāo):科技創(chuàng)新,部門轉(zhuǎn)型和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。通過“Effekt a nalysis”的方法,我們可以分別找出日本和中國的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和污染物之間的變化關(guān)系:在產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的三個指標(biāo)里,哪個是對污染物減排正面影響最顯著的,哪個是對污染物減排有負(fù)面影響的指標(biāo)。另外,還可以通過這個方法,分析出日本和中國污染物減排機(jī)制的差異。本研究最終得出的結(jié)論是,技術(shù)創(chuàng)新不管對于日本還是中國都是最有影響,效果最顯著的污染減排因素。部門轉(zhuǎn)型目前對中國的污染減排作用還不明顯,但經(jīng)濟(jì)增長因素對污染減排的負(fù)面作用在中國十分明顯。既然激發(fā)科技創(chuàng)新在中國是最有效的污染物減排的影響要素,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長使環(huán)境惡化的勢頭嚴(yán)重,目前中國對于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的投入還是相對不足的�；谶@些結(jié)果分析,本研究認(rèn)為在保持利于環(huán)境質(zhì)量改善的部門轉(zhuǎn)型力度的同時,應(yīng)該編制執(zhí)行合理的政策,促進(jìn)更密集和有活力的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工作,推動更大規(guī)模鼓勵技術(shù)創(chuàng)新的環(huán)保投資。
[Abstract]:"how to improve China's environmental quality?" The problem has become more important to any country in recent years. As air and water pollution are directly related to human health and happiness, these two problems should be given priority. Although the Chinese government has taken corresponding measures to improve the environmental quality, it still needs to further strengthen environmental governance in order to achieve the goal of returning to the clear sea and blue sky. In exploring the ways in which China can regain its pleasant environmental quality, Japan's efforts to manage the environment over the past 50 years can provide China with a very suitable and reliable experience. After the second World War, while Japan achieved rapid economic development, it is recognized that Japan has made great efforts to combat environmental degradation and has effectively improved the quality of the environment. So that the situation in Japan can live in a pleasant environment. Although Japan and China are different in political system and economic structure, Japan's experience still has great reference value for China's pollution reduction policy. In this study, a comparative study was carried out on the relationship between pollution emissions from Japan and China and industrial structure, and an effective means to control the emission of air pollutants (SO2) and to control water pollution by (COD) was explored. In order to analyze the relationship between pollutant emission and industrial structure, the "Effekt analysis" method is used in this study. In this approach, the industrial structure is divided into three sub-indicators: science and technology innovation, sectoral transformation and economic growth. Using the "Effekt a nalysis" approach, we can find out the relationship between the industrial structure and pollutants in Japan and China: which of the three indicators of industrial structure has the most significant positive impact on pollutant emission reduction? Which is an indicator that has a negative impact on pollutant emission reduction. In addition, this method can also be used to analyze the differences of emission reduction mechanisms between Japan and China. The final conclusion of this study is that technological innovation is the most influential and most effective pollution reduction factor for both Japan and China. The effect of sector transformation on pollution reduction in China is not obvious, but the negative effect of economic growth on pollution reduction is obvious in China. Since stimulating scientific and technological innovation is the most effective pollutant emission reduction factor in China, economic growth makes the momentum of environmental deterioration serious, at present, China's investment in technological innovation is relatively insufficient. Based on the analysis of these results, the present study believes that while maintaining the intensity of sectoral transformation conducive to environmental quality improvement, rational policies should be developed to promote more intensive and dynamic technological innovation, Promote investment in environmental protection to encourage technological innovation on a larger scale.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F131.3;F121.3;X22

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