本文選題：細(xì)菌耐藥性 + 肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈��； 參考：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：為闡述肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈細(xì)菌耐藥性現(xiàn)狀及耐藥性傳播規(guī)律,本研究采集肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈養(yǎng)殖、屠宰和銷售三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的108份樣品,在六種抗生素平板上篩選耐藥菌,通過對耐藥菌的藥物敏感性、分子分型及耐藥基因的分析,了解耐藥菌在肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的分布,闡述其耐藥特征,探討耐藥性在肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的傳播規(guī)律,為耐藥性防控提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。108份樣本共分離373株大腸桿菌,110株肺炎克雷伯菌和79株奇異變形桿菌(共562株耐藥菌),大腸桿菌和肺炎克雷伯菌在三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中均有分離到,奇異變形桿菌僅在養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)中分離到。最小抑菌濃度(MIC)值的測定結(jié)果表明大腸桿菌,肺炎克雷伯菌,奇異變形桿菌均表現(xiàn)為對多種藥物耐藥,多重耐藥菌(至少對三類抗生素耐藥)的比例分別是88.2%,90.9%和84.8%,此外MIC值高,三種菌株中均有50%以上的菌株對三代頭孢菌素的MIC值高于耐藥折點(diǎn)的16倍以上。PCR篩查blacrx-M基因表明,三種菌均廣泛攜帶blacTX-M,總攜帶率為65.7%,大腸桿菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇異變形桿菌的攜帶率分別為54.7%,63.6%和72.1%。大腸桿菌以blacrx-M-55為主,依次為blacrx-M-65, blacTx-M-14和blacr X-M-27肺炎克雷伯菌以blacrx-M-55和blacrx.M.15為主,依次為b lacTX-M-2 7, b lacTX-M-14, b lacTX-M.6 5和blac'rx-M.3~奇異變形桿菌以blacTx.u.65為主,依次為blacrx-M-55, blacrx.Mq4和blacrx.M-90~ blacrx-M-6S. blacrx-M-S5和blacTX-M-14在三種菌種中均有檢出。從肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的不同環(huán)節(jié)來看,養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)樣本中分離菌株檢出的基因亞型最多,包括blacTX-M-27, blacTX.M-65. blacrx.M-SS, blacrx-M-14, blacrx-M.lS和blacrx-M-90 o屠宰環(huán)節(jié)中檢出亞型較少,僅檢測到blacTX-M-27和blacrx.M-S5 o銷售環(huán)節(jié)檢出的基因型包括blacrx-M-s5, blacrx.Mq4和blacTX-M-27 ,而且blacrx-M.3基因僅在銷售環(huán)節(jié)中出現(xiàn)。此外,在國內(nèi)首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了攜帶blacTX-M-90的奇異變形桿菌。MLST分析顯示,110株肺炎克雷伯菌共有32個(gè)ST型,ST1(22株)和ST37(16株)為主要優(yōu)勢型,分別占20%(22/110)和14.5%(16/110)。另有16個(gè)ST型共涉及49株菌(44.5%)為首次發(fā)現(xiàn)的ST型。不同環(huán)節(jié)來源菌株ST型不盡相同,有28株屬于3個(gè)ST型的菌株同時(shí)來自兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),尚未檢出相同ST型的肺炎克雷伯菌同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。PFGE分析顯示,奇異變形桿菌共分為34個(gè)亞型,攜帶4種bldCTX-Utype基因。25種不同亞型的53株奇異變形桿菌均攜帶blacrx-M-65基因。此外,ST37型肺炎克雷伯菌和027型奇異變形桿菌在種雞場飼養(yǎng)員和商品雞肛拭子樣本中都有檢出。上述研究結(jié)果顯示山東肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈來源的大腸桿菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、奇異變形桿菌均呈現(xiàn)多重耐藥及高水平耐藥的特征。大腸桿菌和肺炎克雷伯菌在三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中均有檢出,變形桿菌只在養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)中檢出；養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)耐藥菌最高,菌種分布也最為多樣,提示養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)是本食品鏈中耐藥菌的主要來源；不同環(huán)節(jié)來源菌株基因型不盡相同,提示不同環(huán)節(jié)間存在耐藥克隆株的傳播,但并不是耐藥性傳播的主要機(jī)制；不同環(huán)節(jié)來源菌株超廣譜B-內(nèi)酰胺酶基因blacrx-M廣泛攜帶,相同亞型的blacrx-M基因在來自三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的不同種屬的菌株中均有檢出,養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)blacrx M耐藥基因亞型最豐富,提示耐藥菌從養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)向屠宰和銷售環(huán)節(jié)傳播；在商品雞及養(yǎng)殖者的樣本中檢測出相同菌株亞型及blacix-u基因型的菌株,提示養(yǎng)殖環(huán)節(jié)中存在耐藥菌在動物和人之間的傳播。本研究通過對肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)及三個(gè)種屬的菌株研究,初步獲得了該產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中耐藥菌的分布狀況及傳播特點(diǎn),該研究結(jié)果將為闡述耐藥菌的傳播規(guī)律,阻斷耐藥菌在肉雞產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈中的傳播提供重要的參考數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to describe the drug resistance and drug resistance of broiler chicken industry chain , 108 samples from three links of breeding , slaughter and sale of broiler chicken were collected . The results showed that the drug resistance , molecular typing and drug resistance genes were 84.2 % , 93.9 % and 84.8 % , respectively . The results showed that there were 32 ST - type , 1 - ST1 ( 22 / 110 ) strains and 14 . 5 % ( 16 / 110 ) strains . The results showed that there were 32 ST - type strains , 1 ST1 ( 22 / 110 ) and 14 . 5 % ( 16 / 110 ) strains .
The most resistant strains of drug - resistant bacteria in the culture are the most diverse , and it is suggested that the breeding link is the main source of drug - resistant bacteria in the food chain .
The genotype of isolates from different links was different , suggesting that there was a spread of drug - resistant clones between different links , but not the main mechanism of drug resistance transmission .
The blacrx - M gene of the same subtype is most abundant in the strains of different species from three links , and the blacrx - M gene subtype of the same subtype is the most abundant , suggesting that the drug - resistant bacteria can be transmitted from the breeding link to the slaughtering and selling links ;
The strains of the same strain and blacix - u genotype were detected in the samples of commercial chickens and mariculture , suggesting that there was a spread of drug - resistant bacteria between animals and humans . This study preliminarily obtained the distribution and transmission characteristics of drug - resistant bacteria in the industry chain . The results of this study will provide important reference data for the introduction of drug - resistant bacteria and blocking the spread of drug - resistant bacteria in broiler industry chain .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：R155

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉建華;潘玉善;付秀玲;胡功政;康宇;;一株七彩鳥肺炎克雷伯菌同時(shí)產(chǎn)TEM和SHV型β-內(nèi)酰胺酶的基因型鑒定[J];中國獸醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào);2009年12期

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