本文選題：勞動異質(zhì)性　切入點(diǎn)：產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度　出處：《華中科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前,中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離現(xiàn)象持續(xù),第一產(chǎn)業(yè)滯留大量勞動力,同時又存在“民工荒”和大學(xué)生就業(yè)難等就業(yè)壓力。理論上講,產(chǎn)業(yè)間技術(shù)進(jìn)步差異能有效解釋產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離�，F(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離分析忽略了勞動異質(zhì)性,在探討技術(shù)進(jìn)步對其影響時局限于實(shí)證分析,缺少理論支撐。本文主要從理論和實(shí)踐上探討相對偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離程度的作用機(jī)制和具體影響。通過對當(dāng)前中國經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,本文發(fā)現(xiàn),中國第二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)還存在巨大吸納就業(yè)空間。在勞動異質(zhì)情況下,現(xiàn)有關(guān)于第一產(chǎn)業(yè)和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離程度的估計(jì)偏高,第二產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離被低估。且第二產(chǎn)業(yè)就業(yè)主要為低人力資本勞動力,勞動力需求層次較低,第三產(chǎn)業(yè)吸納就業(yè)廣泛,但發(fā)展不足。通過對二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步現(xiàn)狀分析發(fā)現(xiàn),二、三產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步均表現(xiàn)為資本偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步,而第二產(chǎn)業(yè)相對于第三產(chǎn)業(yè)整體表現(xiàn)為相對資本偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步。進(jìn)而,基于當(dāng)前中國經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)進(jìn)步現(xiàn)狀,本文構(gòu)建理論模型,探討相對偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步對產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離的作用。通過理論推導(dǎo)發(fā)現(xiàn),相對有偏的技術(shù)進(jìn)步會使產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生偏離,且不合理的技術(shù)進(jìn)步將使得產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度進(jìn)一步惡化,具體表現(xiàn)為:當(dāng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度為正(負(fù))時,相對資本(勞動)偏向型技術(shù)進(jìn)步將進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離程度。最后,通過系統(tǒng)性地實(shí)證分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國第二產(chǎn)業(yè)相對資本偏向的技術(shù)進(jìn)步對其產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離度有擴(kuò)張作用。同時指出,解決中國產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)偏離和就業(yè)問題的重點(diǎn)在于刺激消費(fèi),優(yōu)化勞動力供給結(jié)構(gòu),提高勞動者素質(zhì),推進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程和完善市場機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of industrial structure deviation in China continues, the first industry is stranded in a large number of labor force, and there are employment pressures such as "shortage of migrant workers" and employment difficulties for college students.In theory, the difference of technological progress between industries can effectively explain the deviation of industrial structure.The existing literature neglects the labor heterogeneity in the analysis of industrial structure deviation, and it is limited to empirical analysis when discussing the influence of technological progress on it, and lacks theoretical support.This paper mainly discusses the mechanism and concrete influence of relative biased technological progress on the degree of industrial structure deviation from theory and practice.By analyzing the present situation of China's economic structure, this paper finds that there is still huge room for employment in the second and third industries of China.In the case of labor heterogeneity, the existing estimates of the degree of deviation of the structure of the primary industry and the tertiary industry are on the high side, and the deviation of the secondary industry structure is underestimated.The employment of the secondary industry is mainly low labor force with low labor demand, and the tertiary industry absorbs employment widely, but it is underdeveloped.Through the analysis of the present situation of technological progress in the second and third industries, it is found that the technological progress of the second and third industries is characterized by capital-biased technological progress, while the secondary industry is characterized by the relative capital-biased technological progress relative to the tertiary industry as a whole.Then, based on the current situation of economic structure and technological progress in China, this paper constructs a theoretical model to discuss the effect of relative biased technological progress on the deviation of industrial structure.Through theoretical deduction, it is found that relatively biased technological progress will cause deviation of industrial structure, and unreasonable technological progress will further worsen the degree of industrial structure deviation, which is manifested as: when the deviation degree of industrial structure is positive (negative),Relative capital (labor) biased technological progress will further expand the degree of deviation of industrial structure.Finally, through systematic empirical analysis, it is found that the technological progress of relative capital bias of China's secondary industry has an expansion effect on the deviation of its industrial structure.At the same time, it is pointed out that the key to solve the problem of industrial structure deviation and employment in China lies in stimulating consumption, optimizing the structure of labor supply, improving the quality of workers, promoting the process of urbanization and perfecting the market mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F224;F121.3;F124.3

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