中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析
本文關(guān)鍵詞: 汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè) 出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 指標(biāo)分析 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文 論文類(lèi)型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)是我國(guó)重要的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)之一,對(duì)于促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、帶動(dòng)就業(yè)具有非常重要的作用。雖然我國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)起步較晚,但經(jīng)過(guò)60多年的發(fā)展,我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)進(jìn)步飛速,2016年產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)量均超過(guò)2800萬(wàn)輛,連續(xù)第八年位居全球第一。汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口貿(mào)易在加入WTO后高速發(fā)展,出口額從2001年的27億美元上漲到2015年的842億美元,年均增長(zhǎng)率高達(dá)27.8%。但是自從2010年以來(lái)我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口額增速放緩,2015年汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口額同比下降8.0%,整車(chē)出口量在2012年達(dá)到100萬(wàn)的峰值后連續(xù)四年下滑。當(dāng)前新興國(guó)家市場(chǎng)需求萎縮,我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)量明顯下降,再加上人民幣持續(xù)升值等負(fù)面因素的影響,我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻。在這種背景之下,對(duì)我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力進(jìn)行評(píng)估,找出汽車(chē)出口存在的重大問(wèn)題并提出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策,對(duì)破解出口下滑難題具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文的寫(xiě)作思路如下:首先,對(duì)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力理論進(jìn)行梳理,介紹了出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的理論基礎(chǔ),在總結(jié)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力評(píng)價(jià)的主要方法的基礎(chǔ)上選定指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力進(jìn)行分析。其次,本文總結(jié)了中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)出口貿(mào)易的現(xiàn)狀和特點(diǎn),通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)我國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口額有下降的趨勢(shì),目前出口以零部件為主,且主要是低附加值型產(chǎn)品,整車(chē)出口規(guī)模較小,二者出口市場(chǎng)分別集中在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家,出口風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大;再次,本文構(gòu)建了評(píng)價(jià)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的指標(biāo)體系,該指標(biāo)體系由顯示性對(duì)稱(chēng)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)6個(gè)常用指標(biāo)構(gòu)成,參照中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)年鑒、中國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)行業(yè)分類(lèi)將HS2002中4位數(shù)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品分為四類(lèi),以德國(guó)、日本、美國(guó)等6個(gè)國(guó)家為參照對(duì)象,對(duì)中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)整體和分類(lèi)產(chǎn)品的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分別進(jìn)行了評(píng)估和對(duì)比,研究結(jié)果表明,與發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家相比中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)整體的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力很低,分類(lèi)產(chǎn)品中整車(chē)的出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力最弱,是導(dǎo)致整體出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力不強(qiáng)的重要原因。最后,在前文分析了中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)品出口現(xiàn)狀和出口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的基礎(chǔ)上,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)出口主要存在以下問(wèn)題:出口結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,出口市場(chǎng)集中度過(guò)高;汽車(chē)企業(yè)研發(fā)投入低,自主創(chuàng)新能力不足;出口面臨頻繁的貿(mào)易和技術(shù)壁壘;出口秩序混亂,自主品牌形象有待提升;管理和售后服務(wù)體系不健全。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,政府和企業(yè)應(yīng)該共同作出努力,消除出口障礙。企業(yè)應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大整車(chē)出口規(guī)模,提高應(yīng)對(duì)政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和匯率風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力;加大RD投入、重視人才培養(yǎng),增強(qiáng)自主創(chuàng)新能力,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量;政府相關(guān)部門(mén)要積極參與制定國(guó)際汽車(chē)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),企業(yè)重點(diǎn)向新能源和節(jié)能汽車(chē)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展;通過(guò)政府實(shí)行出口資質(zhì)管理和企業(yè)建立出口聯(lián)盟進(jìn)一步規(guī)范出口秩序,提升自主品牌在海外市場(chǎng)的形象;建立完善的管理和售后服務(wù)體系,提升品牌信譽(yù)。
[Abstract]:The automobile industry is one of the most important pillar industries in China, which plays a very important role in promoting economic development and promoting employment. Although the automobile industry of our country started relatively late, it has been developed for more than 60 years. China's automobile industry has made rapid progress. In 2016, the production and sales volume of each vehicle exceeded 28 million, ranking first in the world for the eighth consecutive year. After China's entry into WTO, the export volume of automobile products grew at a high speed, rising from 2.7 billion US dollars in 2001 to 84.2 billion US dollars in 2015. The average annual growth rate is as high as 27.8%. But since 2010, the growth rate of China's auto exports has slowed. In 2015, auto product exports fell 8.0% from a year earlier, and auto exports fell four years in a row after hitting a peak of 1 million in 2012. National market demand is shrinking, The sales volume of China's automobile products has dropped markedly, and the negative factors such as the continuous appreciation of the RMB have made the export situation of China's automobile products grim. Against this background, the export competitiveness of China's automobile industry is evaluated. It is of great practical significance to find out the major problems existing in the automobile export and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The writing ideas of this paper are as follows: first, carding out the theory of export competitiveness. This paper introduces the theoretical basis of export competitiveness, and on the basis of summing up the main methods of evaluation of export competitiveness, selects the index evaluation method to analyze the export competitiveness of automobile industry. This paper summarizes the current situation and characteristics of the export trade of China's automobile industry. Through the analysis of the data, it is found that the export volume of our country's automobile products has a downward trend. At present, the export mainly consists of parts and components, and it is mainly a low value-added product. The whole vehicle export scale is small, the two export markets are concentrated in developed and developing countries respectively, the export risk is high. Thirdly, this paper constructs an index system to evaluate the export competitiveness of automobile industry. The index system is composed of six commonly used indexes of indicative symmetric comparative advantage index. Referring to the yearbook of China's automobile industry, the four-digit automobile products in HS2002 are classified into four categories, Germany, Japan, and China's national economy industry classification. The export competitiveness of China's automobile industry as a whole and its classified products are evaluated and compared respectively by the United States and other six countries. The results show that the overall export competitiveness of China's automobile industry is very low compared with that of developed countries. The export competitiveness of the whole vehicle is the weakest among the classified products, which is the important reason that the overall export competitiveness is not strong. Finally, on the basis of the analysis of the current export situation and export competitiveness of China's automobile products, It is found that the following problems exist in the export of China's automobile industry: unreasonable export structure, high concentration of export market, low R & D investment of automobile enterprises, insufficient independent innovation ability, frequent trade and technical barriers to export; The export order is chaotic, the independent brand image needs to be improved, the management and after-sales service system is not perfect. In view of these problems, the government and enterprises should make joint efforts to eliminate export barriers. Improve the ability to deal with political risk and exchange rate risk; increase R D investment, attach importance to talent training, enhance independent innovation ability, and improve product quality; the relevant government departments should actively participate in the formulation of international automobile standards, Enterprises focus on the new energy and energy efficient automobile field; through the implementation of export qualification management by the government and the establishment of export alliance to further standardize the export order to enhance the image of independent brands in overseas markets; Establish a sound management and after-sales service system to enhance brand reputation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:F426.471;F752.62
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