【摘要】：中國環(huán)境面臨的形勢非常嚴(yán)峻,大氣污染物排放總量居高不下。引起大氣污染的最主要因素就是能源的過度使用,而且我國能源效率偏低,使用結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,落后的能源技術(shù)將嚴(yán)重的制約我國經(jīng)濟(jì)又好又快的發(fā)展,所以降低能源強(qiáng)度、提高能源效率迫在眉睫,尤其對于工業(yè)中的制造業(yè)。技術(shù)進(jìn)步被認(rèn)為是影響能源強(qiáng)度的最主要因素,是我國理論探討和政策方向的熱點�；仡櫫思夹g(shù)進(jìn)步的相關(guān)研究之后,本文首先將我國制造業(yè)劃分為勞動密集型、資本密集型和技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè),通過建立四要素KLEM超越對數(shù)成本函數(shù),將技術(shù)進(jìn)步分為中性技術(shù)進(jìn)步與有偏技術(shù)進(jìn)步一同考慮到成本函數(shù)中,并且將技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響因素劃分為RD、技術(shù)引進(jìn)、技術(shù)改造和FDI。采用影子替代彈性得到我國制造業(yè)以及各要素密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的替代和互補(bǔ)情況。在求出替代互補(bǔ)關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)技術(shù)進(jìn)步對要素投入份額的變化計算要素偏向,最后根據(jù)函數(shù)推導(dǎo)求解出技術(shù)進(jìn)步對于能源強(qiáng)度的影響。利用面板數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)立方程組模型,"似不相關(guān)回歸法(SUR)"估計方法求解系數(shù)。回歸結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在制造業(yè)中,資本、勞動、能源和中間品這四種要素中只有能源與勞動存在互補(bǔ)關(guān)系,其他要素均為替代關(guān)系,技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響因素基本都是偏向于降低能源。對于能源強(qiáng)度影響最大的是RD,增加1%創(chuàng)新投入,RD會使得制造業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度下降0.294%,其次為技術(shù)引進(jìn)和FDI,分別為0.109%和0.041%,技術(shù)改造會提高能源強(qiáng)度0.219%。在制造業(yè)不同要素密集產(chǎn)業(yè)中,資本密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)和勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的替代情況與制造業(yè)一致,技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)中除了能源與勞動、能源與中間品存在互補(bǔ)關(guān)系其余均為替代關(guān)系。三種要素密集產(chǎn)業(yè)中,技術(shù)進(jìn)步的要素偏向的方向基本一致,但偏向程度不同,這也導(dǎo)致了對能源強(qiáng)度的影響不同。RD在資本密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)、勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)和技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)中對降低能源強(qiáng)度的作用最大,彈性分別為0.192,0.268,1.268,技術(shù)改造均會使能源強(qiáng)度上升。在制造業(yè)以及各不同要素密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)中有偏技術(shù)進(jìn)步對是降低能源強(qiáng)度的主要渠道。本文分析了技術(shù)進(jìn)步的四種來源RD、技術(shù)引進(jìn)、技術(shù)改造和FDI通過中性技術(shù)進(jìn)步和有偏技術(shù)進(jìn)步,對制造業(yè)及其要素密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度的影響。對準(zhǔn)確分析影響我國制造業(yè)能源強(qiáng)度的影響情況、制定提高能源效率的相關(guān)政策具有一定的理論價值和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:China's environment is facing a very serious situation, the total amount of atmospheric pollutants emissions remain high. The most important factor causing air pollution is the excessive use of energy, and our energy efficiency is on the low side, the structure of use is unreasonable, and backward energy technologies will seriously restrict the sound and rapid development of our economy, so the energy intensity will be reduced. Improving energy efficiency is urgent, especially for manufacturing in industry. Technological progress is considered to be the most important factor affecting energy intensity, and it is the focus of theoretical discussion and policy direction in China. After reviewing the related research of technological progress, this paper first divides our manufacturing industry into labor-intensive, capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries, and establishes a four-element KLEM transcending logarithmic cost function. The technological progress is divided into neutral technological progress and biased technological progress in consideration of cost function, and the influencing factors of technological progress are divided into RD, technology introduction, technological transformation and FDI.. The shadow substitution elasticity is used to obtain the substitution and complementation of the manufacturing industry and various factor intensive industries in China. Based on the relationship of substitution and complementation, the factor bias is calculated according to the change of technological progress to factor input share. Finally, the influence of technological progress on energy intensity is solved according to the function derivation. Using the panel data simultaneous equations model, the "seemingly unrelated regression method (SUR)" estimation method is used to solve the coefficients. The regression results show that among the four factors of manufacturing industry, capital, labor, energy and intermediate goods only have complementary relationship between energy and labor, the other factors are all substitute relations, and the influencing factors of technological progress are all inclined to reduce energy. The biggest impact on energy intensity is the increase of 1% innovation input in RD,. RD will reduce the energy intensity of manufacturing industry by 0.294%, followed by technology introduction (0.109%) and FDI, (0.041%). Technological transformation will increase energy intensity by 0.219. The substitution of capital-intensive industries and labor-intensive industries is the same as that of manufacturing industries, and in technology-intensive industries, in addition to energy and labor, There is a complementary relationship between energy and intermediates. The rest are substitute relations. In the three kinds of factor intensive industries, the direction of the factors bias of technological progress is basically the same, but the degree of bias is different, which also leads to different effects on energy intensity.; RD in capital-intensive industries, In the labor-intensive industry and technology-intensive industry, the energy intensity is reduced the most, the elasticity is 0.192 ~ 0.268 ~ 1.268 respectively, and the technical transformation will increase the energy intensity. Biased technological progress is the main channel for reducing energy intensity in manufacturing and different factor intensive industries. This paper analyzes four sources of technological progress: the introduction of RD, technology, the influence of technological transformation and FDI on the energy intensity of manufacturing industry and its element-intensive industries through neutral technological progress and biased technological progress. It has certain theoretical value and practical significance to accurately analyze the influence situation of energy intensity of manufacturing industry in our country and make relevant policies to improve energy efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F224;F424

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