【摘要】：在中國(guó)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)下產(chǎn)生了農(nóng)民工這一特殊群體,伴隨著中國(guó)新型工業(yè)化道路進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn),越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)移到城市務(wù)工。相對(duì)而言,農(nóng)民工文化素質(zhì)較低、缺乏專業(yè)的知識(shí)和技術(shù),再加上其他各種因素,農(nóng)民工在城市就業(yè)過(guò)程中面臨各種困難,同時(shí)也暴露出各種問(wèn)題,整體就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性相對(duì)較差。因此,非常有必要探究當(dāng)前我國(guó)農(nóng)民工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性以及其影響因素。隨著時(shí)間推移,農(nóng)民工群體出現(xiàn)了代際間的差異。國(guó)內(nèi)很多學(xué)者也從代際差異視角研究農(nóng)民工群體就業(yè)問(wèn)題。但是多數(shù)學(xué)者集中在老一代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)問(wèn)題和新老農(nóng)民工的對(duì)比研究,對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)的研究比較少,特別是對(duì)就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的研究。對(duì)于新生代農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性,還需更加深入的研究。由于不同地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度不同,農(nóng)民工在擇業(yè)和就業(yè)的過(guò)程中表現(xiàn)出的特征存在差異,導(dǎo)致影響農(nóng)民工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的因素可能不同。重慶市作為西部地區(qū)的代表城市,研究影響重慶市新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的因素,探討重慶市新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性與其工資收入之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較落后的西部地區(qū)具有借鑒意義。本文基于問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和訪談的形式對(duì)重慶市的新生代農(nóng)民工進(jìn)行調(diào)研。首先,用總換工次數(shù)和每份工作的平均持續(xù)時(shí)間指標(biāo)測(cè)量了重慶市新生代農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性。結(jié)果表明:重慶市新生代農(nóng)民工在最近三年平均換工次數(shù)為2.70次,最近三年每份工作平均持續(xù)時(shí)間為0.87年。在務(wù)工過(guò)程中的整體就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性比較差,就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性需進(jìn)一步提高。然后,建立二元Logistic模型分析影響新生代農(nóng)民工就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的影響因素。結(jié)果表明:新生代農(nóng)民工的性別、平均月工資收入、工作時(shí)長(zhǎng)、工作環(huán)境滿意度、參加培訓(xùn)情況和勞動(dòng)合同簽訂情況這6個(gè)因素對(duì)其就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性具有顯著影響,其余8個(gè)影響因素均未通過(guò)顯著性。最后,通過(guò)有序多變量Logistic回歸模型分析穩(wěn)定的就業(yè)對(duì)新生代農(nóng)民工收入的影響。結(jié)果表明:新生代農(nóng)民工的就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性對(duì)低工資收入水平具有不確定性,對(duì)高收入水平具有正向影響,在整體趨勢(shì)上有助于工資收入的提高。因此,提高重慶市新生代農(nóng)民工當(dāng)前的就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性具有實(shí)際意義。本文最后根據(jù)實(shí)證結(jié)論,分別從政府、企業(yè)和農(nóng)民工個(gè)體層面分別提出促進(jìn)就業(yè)穩(wěn)定性的相關(guān)對(duì)策建議。政府層面,進(jìn)一步分區(qū)域完善落戶條件,取消農(nóng)業(yè)戶口和非農(nóng)戶口的區(qū)分;更加規(guī)范勞動(dòng)合同,從根本上確保新生代農(nóng)民工的合法權(quán)益;建立正常的工資增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制,制止拖欠工資;加強(qiáng)扶持中小企業(yè),創(chuàng)造更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。企業(yè)層面,規(guī)范工作時(shí)長(zhǎng),根據(jù)勞動(dòng)者的個(gè)人情況,制定合理的工作時(shí)間;企業(yè)在確定工資水平時(shí),嚴(yán)格以國(guó)家的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)為基礎(chǔ),確保企業(yè)的薪資水平能體現(xiàn)出新生代農(nóng)民工的勞動(dòng)價(jià)值。農(nóng)民工個(gè)體層面,認(rèn)清當(dāng)前的就業(yè)形勢(shì)和自身的特點(diǎn),樹(shù)立一個(gè)正確的擇業(yè)觀念;積極利用各種機(jī)會(huì)參加有利于自身水平提高的技能培訓(xùn),通過(guò)職業(yè)技能的提高獲得更高的報(bào)酬。
[Abstract]:Under the dual economic structure of China, a special group of migrant workers has emerged. With the continuous advancement of China's new industrialization process, more and more rural laborers are transferring to urban areas to work. The employment stability of migrant workers in China is relatively poor. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the employment stability of migrant workers and its influencing factors. With the passage of time, there are inter-generational differences among migrant workers. Many domestic scholars also study farmers from the perspective of inter-generational differences. But most scholars concentrate on the employment problem of the old generation of migrant workers and the comparative study of the new and old migrant workers. The research on the employment of the new generation of migrant workers is less, especially on the stability of employment. As a representative city in Western China, Chongqing, as a representative city, studies the factors affecting the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing, and explores the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing. This paper investigates the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing based on questionnaire and interview. Firstly, the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing is measured by the total number of job changes and the average duration of each job. The results show that the average number of new generation migrant workers in Chongqing is 2.70 in the last three years and the average duration of each job is 0.87 in the last three years. The results show that the gender, average monthly wage, working hours, job environment satisfaction, training and labor contract signing of the new generation of migrant workers have a significant impact on their employment stability, the other eight factors have not passed the significant. Finally, through the orderly multivariate logistic regression. The results show that the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers has uncertainties on the level of low-wage income, has a positive impact on the level of high-income, and is conducive to the increase of wage income in the overall trend. Finally, according to the empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions to promote employment stability from the government, enterprises and individual level of migrant workers. The legitimate rights and interests of the new generation of migrant workers; the establishment of a normal wage growth mechanism to stop wage arrears; strengthening support for small and medium-sized enterprises to create more employment opportunities. On the individual level, the peasant workers should recognize the current employment situation and their own characteristics, establish a correct concept of employment; actively take advantage of various opportunities to participate in skills training conducive to their own level of improvement, through the improvement of vocational skills to obtain higher. Pay for it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F323.6;F249.27

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