【摘要】：改革開放以來,我國的經濟建設取得了巨大成就,經濟總量位居世界第二,人民生活水平不斷提高。但是,自20世紀90年代起,我國勞動收入份額出現(xiàn)了明顯下降,并且長期保持在低位。這一現(xiàn)象不僅挑戰(zhàn)了卡爾多特征事實,也與我國勞動力資源豐富的比較優(yōu)勢不符,更重要的是勞動收入份額長期低位運行將加劇我國的貧富差距,不利于社會穩(wěn)定和經濟發(fā)展。廣大學者對此做出了大量的研究,主要集中在兩個方面：一是針對我國勞動收入份額的變動趨勢和現(xiàn)狀進行研究;二是針對我國勞動收入份額的影響因素進行研究。這兩方面的研究都涌現(xiàn)了大量有價值的成果、取得了重要進展。但是在新的經濟形勢下,對我國勞動收入份額的研究依然具有價值,例如：我們通過數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)我國勞動收入份額并不是一直處于下降趨勢,事實上從2011年起,我國勞動收入份額連續(xù)不斷上升,我們認為這種趨勢的變化值得進一步研究。另外,在我國勞動收入份額的影響因素方面,既有研究多從實證角度進行分析,對于理論分析則較為簡略。我們認為充分而深入的理論分析是必要的,厘清各因素對我國勞動收入份額的影響機制,將會對實證研究提供更好的支持。從以上兩點出發(fā),本文將使用理論分析與實證分析相結合的研究方法,對我國勞動收入份額的變動趨勢和影響因素進行研究。在我國勞動收入份額的變動趨勢和現(xiàn)狀方面,我們使用了全國和分省的數(shù)據(jù)分別證實這一上升的趨勢;在我國勞動收入份額的影響因素上,我們借鑒因素分析法,著重分析產業(yè)結構升級、所有制結構變動、人力資本水平、農村剩余勞動力轉移等四大因素對我國勞動收入份額的影響機制。隨后在實證部分,我們使用1996-2014年的時間序列數(shù)據(jù),將以上四大因素納入模型,進行實證分析。研究結果表明：產業(yè)結構轉型在短期內將帶來勞動收入份額的下降,但是從長期看,隨著第三產業(yè)就業(yè)人數(shù)的增多,其對我國勞動收入份額的影響是正向的;以國企改革、民營化和外資化為特征的所有制結構變動將會帶來我國勞動收入份額的下降;人力資本水平的提高對我國勞動收入份額的增長具有巨大的推動作用;農村剩余勞動力轉移將通過影響勞動力的供求和勞動生產率使得我國勞動收入份額下降。以上結論得到了實證結果的支持。在政策建議上,我們認為大力發(fā)展第三產業(yè)、提升勞動者對資方的議價能力、加強職業(yè)教育以及破除城鎮(zhèn)化壁壘將有利于我國勞動收入份額的增長。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements, the total economic volume ranks second in the world, and the living standards of the people are constantly improving. However, since 1990's, the share of labor income in our country has declined obviously and remained low for a long time. This phenomenon not only challenges the fact of Caldor's characteristics, but also does not conform to the comparative advantage of our country's abundant labor force resources. More importantly, the long-term low operation of labor income share will aggravate the gap between the rich and the poor, which is not conducive to social stability and economic development. The majority of scholars have done a lot of research on this, mainly focused on two aspects: one is to study the changing trend and current situation of the share of labor income in China; the other is to study the influencing factors of the share of labor income in China. A great deal of valuable achievements have emerged in these two fields, and important progress has been made. However, in the new economic situation, the research on the share of labor income in China is still valuable. For example, we find that the share of labor income in China is not always in a downward trend through data analysis. In fact, since 2011, Our country labor income share continuously rises, we think this kind of trend change is worth further study. In addition, in the aspect of influencing factors of labor income share in our country, the existing research mostly carries on the analysis from the empirical angle, but the theoretical analysis is relatively simple. We think that it is necessary to make a full and thorough theoretical analysis, and to clarify the influence mechanism of various factors on the labor income share of our country will provide better support for the empirical research. From the above two points, this paper will use the research method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis to study the changing trend and influencing factors of labor income share in China. In terms of the changing trend and present situation of labor income share in China, we use national and provincial data to confirm this rising trend, and we draw lessons from the factor analysis method on the influential factors of labor income share in our country. The paper mainly analyzes the influence mechanism of four factors, such as the upgrading of industrial structure, the change of ownership structure, the level of human capital and the transfer of rural surplus labor force, on the share of labor income in China. Then, in the empirical part, we use the time series data from 1996 to 2014 to incorporate the above four factors into the model for empirical analysis. The results show that the transformation of industrial structure will bring about the decline of labor income share in the short term, but in the long run, with the increase of employment in the tertiary industry, its influence on labor income share of our country is positive. Privatization and the change of ownership structure characterized by foreign capital will bring about the decline of labor income share in China, and the improvement of human capital level will greatly promote the growth of labor income share in China. The transfer of rural surplus labor force will affect labor supply and demand and labor productivity to reduce the share of labor income in China. These conclusions are supported by empirical results. In terms of policy suggestions, we think that vigorously developing the tertiary industry, enhancing the bargaining power of workers to management, strengthening vocational education and breaking down the barriers of urbanization will benefit the increase of labor income share in China.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F249.2

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本文編號：2164481