發(fā)布時間：2018-06-30 00:37

  本文選題：居住空間分異 + 城市貧困　； 參考：《云南財經(jīng)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市居住空間分異是指不同特性的人群居住在不同區(qū)域的一種居住現(xiàn)象,它是城市社會空間分異的一個方面。隨著國有和集體企業(yè)的改革以及戶籍制度的實施,我國城市貧困人口除了傳統(tǒng)的無固定生活來源、無勞動能力、無法定贍養(yǎng)人的“三無人員”外,還有就是轉(zhuǎn)型時期的新的貧困人口,即改革帶來的大量下崗或在崗低收入職工以及戶籍制度導致的外來務工人員。貧困人群的種類和數(shù)量的增加,使得城市居民在居住空間上也出現(xiàn)更大的復雜性,眾多研究表明,我國一線城市出現(xiàn)了不同程度的居住空間分異。本文選取西南地區(qū)的昆明市其主城四區(qū)作為研究區(qū)域,在對昆明市區(qū)的城市貧困以及貧困的居住空間有了現(xiàn)場調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,利用行政區(qū)劃上分區(qū)分街道獲取住宅小區(qū),通過對云博地產(chǎn)和新亞地產(chǎn)兩個房產(chǎn)中介的電話和實地調(diào)研,以及58同城、安居客房產(chǎn)和趕集網(wǎng)三個租房網(wǎng)站獲取的住宅小區(qū)的房租數(shù)據(jù)來揭示昆明市主城區(qū)居住空間分異的程度,以及是否出現(xiàn)了一定規(guī)模的貧困鄰里住區(qū)。昆明市主城區(qū)總共有四個行政區(qū),分別是五華、盤龍、西山和官渡區(qū),四個區(qū)總共有42個街道。本文總共獲取了343個住宅小區(qū)的1031個房租數(shù)據(jù)。在數(shù)據(jù)處理上,先對獲取的住宅小區(qū)在地理上定位,利用ArcGis中的克里金空間插值法對主城四區(qū)獲取的房租數(shù)據(jù)進行插值,獲得了昆明市主城區(qū)房租的等值線圖。研究結(jié)果揭示了昆明市居住空間分異的特征:第一,昆明市房租是以市中心地區(qū)向周邊地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)明顯的下降趨勢,這種特征符合城市經(jīng)濟學中的AMM模型;第二,主城區(qū)出現(xiàn)了市中心和滇池片區(qū)兩個高價中心,這主要是受到區(qū)位條件和環(huán)境條件影響;第三,主城區(qū)還出現(xiàn)了四個明顯的低價中心,根據(jù)對四個低值區(qū)的地理定位,發(fā)現(xiàn)四個低值區(qū)內(nèi)基本上是城中村、內(nèi)城老舊小區(qū)、保障性住房小區(qū)等低收入住區(qū)。這些低收入住區(qū)分布較為連片集中,形成了一定規(guī)模,即城市貧困鄰里,從而導致了低價中心的形成。在獲取對主城區(qū)房租的等值線后,為進一步解釋昆明市居住空間分異特征的形成原因,論文對主城區(qū)的租金進行空間自相關(guān)分析。當P=0.0230時,符合0.01P0.05的顯著性區(qū)間,此時Moran’s I=0.125085,研究結(jié)果表明昆明市主城區(qū)在整體上空間自相關(guān)性較小。這就更加說明插值出現(xiàn)的低值區(qū)受周邊相關(guān)性影響很小,之所以形成低價中心是由這一地區(qū)低收入住區(qū)集中連片分布,形成一定規(guī)模導致的。在以上定量分析的基礎(chǔ)上,論文通過梳理昆明市居住分異的發(fā)展歷程發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)型期的制度因素以及城市封閉鄰里關(guān)系等因素都是導致居住空間明顯分異的原因。本文最后分別從城中村改造、保障性住區(qū)選址以及完善貧困住區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的角度提出建議,希望可以緩解居住空間分異程度。
[Abstract]:Urban residential space differentiation refers to the different characteristics of people living in different areas of a residential phenomenon, it is a aspect of urban social spatial differentiation. With the reform of state-owned and collective enterprises and the implementation of the household registration system, the urban poor population in our country, except for the traditional lack of a fixed source of livelihood, the ability to work, and the inability to determine the "three no people" to support them, There are also the new poor in the transitional period, that is, the large number of laid-off or low-income workers brought by the reform, as well as the migrant workers caused by the household registration system. With the increase of the types and the number of poor people, urban residents also have more complexity in living space. Many studies show that there are different living spaces in first-tier cities in China. In this paper, four districts of Kunming City in Southwest China are selected as the research area. On the basis of field investigation of urban poverty and poor living space in Kunming urban area, the residential district is obtained by dividing streets into streets in administrative divisions, on the basis of on-the-spot investigation of urban poverty and poor living space in Kunming urban area. Through telephone and field research on two real estate agents, Yunbo Real Estate and New Asia Real Estate, as well as 58.com, The rent data obtained by the three rental websites of Anjuke and Gaoji net reveal the degree of the difference of living space in the main urban area of Kunming and whether there is a certain scale of poor neighborhood. There are four districts in Kunming, Wuhua, Panlong, Xishan and Guandu, with 42 streets. In this paper, a total of 343 residential areas of 1031 rental data. In the aspect of data processing, firstly, the location of the acquired residential district is located geographically, and the rent data obtained from the four districts of the main city are interpolated by using the Kriging space interpolation method in ArcGis, and the isoline map of the rent in the main urban area of Kunming is obtained. The research results reveal the characteristics of residential space differentiation in Kunming. Firstly, rent in Kunming city presents an obvious downward trend towards the surrounding areas in the city centre, which accords with the AMM model in urban economics. There are two high price centers in the main urban area and the Dianchi Lake area, which are mainly affected by the location conditions and environmental conditions. Thirdly, there are also four obvious low price centers in the main urban area, according to the geographical positioning of the four low-value areas. It is found that the four low value areas are basically villages in city, old residential areas in inner cities, affordable housing areas and other low-income residential areas. The distribution of these low-income settlements is relatively concentrated, forming a certain scale, that is, the poor neighborhood of the city, which leads to the formation of low-price center. After obtaining the isoline of rent of main urban area, in order to further explain the reason of the difference of residential space in Kunming, the paper carries on the spatial autocorrelation analysis to the rent of main urban area. When P = 0.0230, it accords with the significant interval of 0.01P0.05, and at this time Morans Igna 0.125085. the result shows that the spatial autocorrelation of Kunming city is small on the whole. This shows that the low value region of interpolation is little affected by the peripheral correlation, and the formation of low price center is caused by the centralized distribution of low income residential areas in this area and the formation of certain scale. On the basis of the above quantitative analysis, through combing the development course of the residential differentiation in Kunming, it is found that the institutional factors in the transition period and the urban closed neighborhood relationship are the reasons leading to the obvious differentiation of living space. In the end, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of village transformation, location selection and improvement of infrastructure in poor residential areas, hoping to alleviate the degree of residential space differentiation.
【學位授予單位】：云南財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.23

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