本文選題：城鄉(xiāng)勞動力 + 工資差異　； 參考：基于分位數(shù)回歸與分解方法

【摘要】：農(nóng)民工是城鎮(zhèn)勞動力市場中的重要參與主體,為推動經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展、促進城市發(fā)展繁榮做出了重大貢獻,但是農(nóng)民工所獲得的報酬與其付出的努力形成了巨大的反差,其工資水平與城鎮(zhèn)工存在較大差距。中國長期實行的"城市偏向"政策使得城鎮(zhèn)和農(nóng)村教育質(zhì)量存在明顯差異,教育質(zhì)量的差異形成了不同質(zhì)的人力資本,進而導(dǎo)致進入城鎮(zhèn)勞動力市場后的工資水平的差異。已有研究大多是基于工資差異均值層面的分析,分位數(shù)分解方法可以解析出工資差異隨工資分布變化的情況,能夠提供更加全面和深層的信息。因此,文章基于2012年中國勞動力動態(tài)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),采用分位數(shù)回歸與分解方法,考慮教育質(zhì)量因素,實證分析城鄉(xiāng)勞動力的工資差異。分位數(shù)回歸的結(jié)果表明,教育質(zhì)量對中等收入群體的工資有顯著影響,中等收入群體面臨的戶籍歧視最小。進一步的分位數(shù)分解發(fā)現(xiàn),城鄉(xiāng)勞動力工資差異在不同工資分布位置上存在不對稱現(xiàn)象,隨著工資分布由低分位數(shù)向高分位數(shù)上升,城鄉(xiāng)勞動力工資差異呈現(xiàn)先下降后上升的"U"型趨勢,但高分位數(shù)的工資差異高于低分位數(shù),城鄉(xiāng)勞動力工資差異存在"天花板效應(yīng)";城鄉(xiāng)勞動力工資差異主要是由個人特征差異造成的,但戶籍歧視也是存在的。以上結(jié)論的政策含義是,政府應(yīng)加快二元戶籍制度改革進程,營造公平、公正的就業(yè)環(huán)境,同時大力發(fā)展適宜農(nóng)民工人力資本積累的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和繼續(xù)教育,多種渠道努力改善農(nóng)民工的人力資本狀況。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers are important participants in the urban labor market. They have made great contributions to promoting economic and social development and promoting the prosperity of urban development. However, the remuneration received by migrant workers has formed a huge contrast with their efforts. There is a big gap between the wage level and urban workers. The "urban bias" policy in China for a long time makes the quality of education in urban and rural areas obviously different, and the difference in education quality forms different human capital, which leads to the difference of wage level after entering the urban labor market. Most of the previous studies are based on the analysis of the average level of wage difference. The quantile decomposition method can analyze the change of wage difference with the distribution of wages and can provide more comprehensive and deep information. Therefore, based on the data of China Labor Force dynamic Survey in 2012, this paper adopts the quantile regression and decomposition method to analyze the wage difference between urban and rural labor force by taking into account the factors of education quality. The results of quantile regression show that the quality of education has a significant impact on the wages of the middle income group, and the middle income group faces the least discrimination in household registration. Further quantile decomposition shows that the wage difference between urban and rural labor force is asymmetric in different wage distribution positions, and increases with wage distribution from low quartile to high quartile. The wage difference between urban and rural labor showed a "U" trend of first decreasing and then rising, but the wage difference of high quartile was higher than that of low quartile. There is "ceiling effect" in the wage difference between urban and rural labor force, which is mainly caused by the difference of individual characteristics, but the discrimination of household registration also exists. The policy implication of the above conclusions is that the government should speed up the reform of the dual household registration system, create a fair and just employment environment, and vigorously develop vocational training and continuing education suitable for the accumulation of human capital of migrant workers. A variety of channels to improve the human capital of migrant workers.
【作者單位】： 南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)經(jīng)濟管理學(xué)院;中國糧食安全研究中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金重點項目(71361140370) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(71503107) 江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目的資助
【分類號】：D412.6;F249.2

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