本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于子女成長(zhǎng)視角的住房政策優(yōu)化研究　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 子女成長(zhǎng) 社區(qū)類型 房屋狀況 居住設(shè)施

【摘要】：家庭和學(xué)校是影響子女成長(zhǎng)的兩個(gè)最重要的因素。我國(guó)古代有“孟母三遷”的典故,目的是為子女提供更好的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,到現(xiàn)在的“學(xué)區(qū)房”,每位家長(zhǎng)都盡自己最大的努力為子女的教育提供盡可能好的環(huán)境。家庭的住房條件既影響子女的居住舒適性和學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境,也影響著與住房相關(guān)的教育資源選擇。我國(guó)住房制度改革以來(lái),隨著住房分配的市場(chǎng)化和住房?jī)r(jià)格的快速上升使得我國(guó)房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)的住房差異逐步增大。由于住房的區(qū)位差異帶來(lái)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量差異也在放大,目前我國(guó)實(shí)行“分片劃區(qū)、就近入學(xué)”政策,雖然我國(guó)的住房政策也在逐步優(yōu)化,但仍然存在很多問(wèn)題,例如供求結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,高房?jī)r(jià)造成住房市場(chǎng)的不公平等。因此,本文使用2014年中國(guó)教育追蹤調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),研究住房狀況差異對(duì)子女學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)和健康狀況的影響,以分析住房在子女成長(zhǎng)中的作用,相應(yīng)的住房政策應(yīng)如何考慮子女的健康成長(zhǎng)。在研究過(guò)程中,首先對(duì)我國(guó)住房政策的演變及現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)、全面的分析,演變歷程主要分為計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期的住房制度階段、住房制度改革階段、住房貨幣化分配階段,目前我國(guó)住房供應(yīng)體系主要包括廉租房、公共租賃住房、經(jīng)濟(jì)適用住房、商品房等。在實(shí)證分析過(guò)程中分為全國(guó)、城鎮(zhèn)、農(nóng)村三個(gè)樣本,分別利用有序回歸方法對(duì)居住狀況對(duì)子女成績(jī)的影響進(jìn)行回歸分析,利用二元Logit回歸方法對(duì)居住狀況對(duì)子女健康水平的影響進(jìn)行回歸分析。結(jié)果表明,就全國(guó)樣本的子女而言,社區(qū)類型越好、住房條件越好、居住設(shè)施越好越有利于子女學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。但對(duì)于農(nóng)村的子女來(lái)說(shuō),居住狀況越好、居住環(huán)境越寬敞,反而越不利于子女的學(xué)習(xí),回歸結(jié)果均不顯著。另外,就全國(guó)樣本的子女而言,居住地在本縣/區(qū)內(nèi)、社區(qū)類型越好、住房條件越好、居住設(shè)施越好越有利于子女的健康成長(zhǎng)。但對(duì)于農(nóng)村的子女而言,居住在本縣/區(qū)內(nèi)、社區(qū)類型越好、住房條件越好,反而越不利于子女健康成長(zhǎng),回歸結(jié)果不顯著。政府應(yīng)加大城市住宅社區(qū)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投入,改善居住環(huán)境,通過(guò)良好的社區(qū)類型為子女提供健康的生活環(huán)境;加大對(duì)青年家庭住房的支持力度,提高年青家庭的可支付性,使青年家庭有一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的、合適的住房,子女成長(zhǎng)有一個(gè)良好的環(huán)境。具體要求可考慮通過(guò)信貸、稅收等優(yōu)惠,提高年青家庭的可支付性;加大舊住房改造力度,增加獨(dú)立的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施,合理利用建筑資源、尊重城市的文化特色,對(duì)舊住房進(jìn)行改造;加大公共租賃住房的建設(shè)力度,保障青年家庭的住房條件,逐步構(gòu)建完善的住房租賃體系;加快新型城鎮(zhèn)化步伐,保障農(nóng)村家庭的住房條件;加強(qiáng)對(duì)住房?jī)r(jià)格的控制力度,防止代際效應(yīng)和馬太效應(yīng)的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Family and school are the two most important factors that affect the growth of children. In ancient China, there was the allusion of "three relocation of Mencius mother", in order to provide children with a better learning environment, to the present "school district room". Every parent does their best to provide the best possible environment for the children's education. The housing conditions of the family not only affect the children's living comfort and learning environment. It also affects the choice of educational resources related to housing. With the marketization of housing distribution and the rapid rise of housing prices, the housing gap in China's real estate market is gradually increasing, and the differences in teaching quality caused by housing location differences are also magnifying. At present, China implements the policy of "dividing into districts and enrolling in the vicinity". Although our housing policy is also gradually optimized, there are still many problems, such as unreasonable structure of supply and demand. Therefore, this paper uses the 2014 China Education tracking Survey data to study the impact of housing status differences on children's learning achievement and health status. In order to analyze the role of housing in the growth of children, the corresponding housing policy should consider the healthy growth of children. In the process of research, the evolution and current situation of housing policy in China are analyzed systematically and comprehensively. The evolution process is mainly divided into the housing system stage of planned economy period, housing system reform stage, housing monetization distribution stage. At present, our housing supply system mainly includes low-rent housing, public rental housing. In the process of empirical analysis, it is divided into three samples: national, urban and rural, and the effect of housing status on children's achievement is analyzed by using orderly regression method. The effects of living conditions on children's health were analyzed by using binary Logit regression method. The results showed that the better the community type, the better the housing conditions for the children in the national sample. The better the living facilities, the more conducive to the children's academic performance. But for the children in rural areas, the better the living conditions, the more spacious the living environment, but the more detrimental to the children's learning, the regression results are not significant. For the children of the national sample, the better the community type, the better the housing conditions, the better the living facilities, the more conducive to the healthy growth of the children, but for the rural children. Living in this county / district, the better the community type, the better the housing conditions, but the more harmful to the healthy growth of children, the return result is not significant. The government should increase urban residential community infrastructure investment to improve the living environment. Providing a healthy living environment for children through good community types; (C) increase support for housing for young families and increase affordability for young families, so that young families have a stable and suitable housing environment for their children to grow up. Specific requirements may be considered through credit. (a) tax incentives, such as tax, to improve the affordability of young families; Strengthen the renovation of old houses, increase the independent sanitation facilities, make rational use of building resources, respect the cultural characteristics of the city, and carry out the renovation of the old houses; Strengthen the construction of public rental housing, protect the housing conditions of young families, and gradually build a perfect housing rental system; Accelerating the pace of new urbanization to ensure the housing conditions of rural families; Strengthen the control of housing prices to prevent the generation effect and Matthew effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F299.23

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本文編號(hào)：1423019