本文關鍵詞：我國居民收入分布的問題研究　出處：《安徽大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 收入差距 收入分布 非參數(shù)核密度估計 分位數(shù)回歸

【摘要】：本文利用中國健康和營養(yǎng)調查數(shù)據庫(CHNS)1988—2010年的調查數(shù)據,首先對我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的分布特征、不同分位點處收入的變化以及收入不平等問題做簡單的統(tǒng)計描述,統(tǒng)計結果表明我國居民收入分布呈右偏態(tài),不同分位點處收入的差異明顯。在以往收入分布的研究中,學者一般預先設定收入的分布形式,然后采用參數(shù)估計的方法估計未知參數(shù),而這種設定有很多局限性,研究發(fā)現(xiàn),無需預先設定具體分布形式的非參數(shù)核密度估計方法對收入分布的研究更為適合。實證分析顯示,1988-2010年間,不同分位點處城鄉(xiāng)居民收入的變化趨勢不同,分位點越高,收入的增長速度越快,這說明我國居民收入差距在不斷擴大,收入分配領域出現(xiàn)“窮者愈窮,富者愈富”的“馬太效應”。然后,本文將分位數(shù)回歸方法應用到我國居民收入分布的研究中,以2010年的收入數(shù)據為例,構建線性分位數(shù)回歸模型,然后討論性別、受教育程度、城鄉(xiāng)戶籍、年齡、地區(qū)因素對收入的影響,重點討論了同一影響因素在不同分位點處對居民個人收入影響的差異性及其出現(xiàn)的原因。較為全面的論證性別、年齡、受教育程度、城鄉(xiāng)戶籍和地區(qū)等因素對收入的影響機制及其變化規(guī)律。本文的研究對我國現(xiàn)階段的收入分布格局以及收入差距的研究有一定的借鑒意義。本文主要分三個部分來進行論述。第一部分,先對現(xiàn)階段我國居民的收入分配現(xiàn)狀進行概括,以期對近年來居民的收入分布狀況有宏觀印象。第二部分,將參數(shù)估計方法與非參數(shù)核密度估計方法進行比較,找出更適合研究居民收入形態(tài)的方法,并利用非參數(shù)核密度估計方法對我國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入大致的分布形狀、不同分位點處收入的變化進行研究,得出居民收入分布右偏以及“兩頭大,中間小”的收入極化趨勢。第三部分,對比線性均值模型,本文論證分位數(shù)回歸模型對收入分布研究的適用性,對可能影響居民收入的年齡、受教育程度、性別、地區(qū)和城鄉(xiāng)因素進行描述,然后利用這些變量建立分位數(shù)回歸模型,論證影響因素的顯著性和在不同收入分位點處影響的差異性。最后,針對各個影響因素在不同分位點處對收入的影響程度不同,有針對性的提出一些增加居民收入的建議。
[Abstract]:Based on the survey data of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNSN) from 1988 to 2010, the distribution characteristics of urban and rural residents' income in China were first analyzed in this paper. The change of income at different loci and income inequality are simply described. The statistical results show that the income distribution of Chinese residents is right skewed. In the previous research of income distribution, scholars usually set the distribution form of income in advance, and then use the method of parameter estimation to estimate the unknown parameters. However, this setting has many limitations. It is found that the non-parametric kernel density estimation method is more suitable for the study of income distribution without pre-setting the specific distribution form. Empirical analysis shows that this method is more suitable for the study of income distribution. From 1988 to 2010, the change trend of income of urban and rural residents at different loci is different. The higher the locus is, the faster the income growth rate is, which indicates that the income gap of residents in our country is constantly expanding. In the field of income distribution, "the poorer the poor, the richer the rich" "Matthew effect". Then, the quantile regression method is applied to the study of income distribution in China, taking the income data of 2010 as an example. A linear quantile regression model was constructed, and then the effects of gender, education level, urban and rural household registration, age, and regional factors on income were discussed. This paper mainly discusses the difference of the influence of the same influencing factors on the residents' personal income at different loci and the reasons for their emergence. The author fully demonstrates the gender, age, and education level. The influence mechanism of urban and rural household registration and region on income and its changing law. The research in this paper has certain reference significance for the study of income distribution pattern and income gap in our country at present. This paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part. Firstly, the present situation of income distribution of residents in China is summarized in order to have a macroscopic impression on the income distribution of residents in recent years. The second part, the parameter estimation method and the non-parametric kernel density estimation method are compared. Find out a more suitable way to study the income patterns of residents, and use the non-parametric kernel density estimation method to study the distribution shape of income of urban and rural residents in China, the change of income at different loci. In the third part, compared with the linear mean model, this paper demonstrates the applicability of the quantile regression model to the study of income distribution. The factors of age, education level, sex, region and urban and rural areas that may affect the income of residents were described, and then the quantile regression model was established by using these variables. Demonstrate the significance of influencing factors and the difference in the impact of different income loci. Finally, the impact of different factors on income at different loci is different. A number of targeted suggestions to increase residents' income.
【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F224;F126.2

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