【摘要】：民間體育組織是群眾參與體育活動(dòng)與交流的載體,在政府和群眾之間起到關(guān)鍵的橋梁作用。特別是國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展以及全民健身戰(zhàn)略推動(dòng)下,民間體育組織在規(guī)模和數(shù)量上都有大幅度提升,但整體發(fā)展仍呈現(xiàn)不均衡性。近幾十年城市化的發(fā)展,引發(fā)根植于鄉(xiāng)土社會(huì)的民間體育組織的生存空間發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,制度、環(huán)境、人的需求等一系列內(nèi)外環(huán)境的變化都給民間體育的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了挑戰(zhàn),民間體育組織必須不斷做出調(diào)整,解決客觀發(fā)展的需求。舞高龍是武漢市元宵節(jié)民俗活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目,南湖高龍為蔡甸區(qū)南湖社區(qū)的高龍,2013年被列為省級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。在南湖由自然村向社區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)變背景下,其發(fā)展依然面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。本文運(yùn)用文獻(xiàn)資料法、訪談法、觀察法、歸納和演繹法對(duì)南湖高龍以及南湖高龍的民間體育組織變遷進(jìn)行歷史性分析,找出發(fā)展困境所在,繼而尋求民間體育組織的治理路徑。研究結(jié)論如下:(1)具有宗教性、集體性和民俗性的南湖高龍?jiān)诔鞘谢M(jìn)程中文化的存在方式發(fā)生變遷。主體功能由原始娛神性向娛人性轉(zhuǎn)變;舞高龍表現(xiàn)形式向難、美、新發(fā)展;傳播方式由民間口頭傳說(shuō)向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電視等多元化方式發(fā)展;具有神秘色彩的儀式流程向透明化發(fā)展;傳統(tǒng)節(jié)慶表演節(jié)目增加健身價(jià)值。(2)將南湖高龍的民間體育組織變遷研究,將其劃分為兩個(gè)階段:1.復(fù)蘇階段(1978年——1999年),文化大革命結(jié)束后,文化活動(dòng)復(fù)興;2.穩(wěn)定發(fā)展階段(2000年——至今),城市化進(jìn)入快速發(fā)展階段,南湖高龍組織開始轉(zhuǎn)變。(3)在城市化進(jìn)程中,南湖高龍實(shí)現(xiàn)由單一向政府、社會(huì)、個(gè)人綜合管理轉(zhuǎn)變。南湖高龍的管理方式由單一村委管理向南湖村村委、南湖社區(qū)、大集街、蔡甸區(qū)非遺中心共同管理轉(zhuǎn)變;經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源由南湖村自籌向南湖村村委、市場(chǎng)表演、非遺中心補(bǔ)助籌補(bǔ)集資;運(yùn)行機(jī)制從沒有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度、依靠村落文化凝聚力開展活動(dòng)到有明確的發(fā)展機(jī)制,包括高龍協(xié)會(huì)成立、《湖北省非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)條例》的保護(hù)機(jī)制;在組織規(guī)模上由參與人多,只有南湖村村民發(fā)展為參與人少但具有開放性,不同村落的人都可參與。(4)城市化進(jìn)程中南湖高龍民間體育組織社會(huì)價(jià)值主要是微觀促進(jìn)南湖高龍活態(tài)傳承,中觀推動(dòng)社區(qū)公共文化建設(shè);宏觀彌補(bǔ)政府文化管理不足。(5)依據(jù)城市化進(jìn)程中南湖高龍民間體育組織變遷,在未來(lái)的傳承與發(fā)展中依然面臨缺乏專業(yè)管理人才、缺乏生產(chǎn)性發(fā)展成本、培育發(fā)展機(jī)制單一、保障性政策模糊的困境。最后對(duì)南湖高龍民間體育組織與政府、社會(huì)互動(dòng)發(fā)展提出相對(duì)應(yīng)建議,認(rèn)為南湖高龍民間體育組織治理需要自身、社會(huì)、政府協(xié)同努力:從自身層面培養(yǎng)南湖高龍民間體育組織自主意識(shí),加強(qiáng)人才建設(shè),激發(fā)自身活力;從社會(huì)層面建立社會(huì)對(duì)文化開發(fā)的良性運(yùn)作,培育市場(chǎng)機(jī)制,拓展經(jīng)費(fèi)來(lái)源;從政府層面加強(qiáng)、務(wù)實(shí)“政府引導(dǎo)”職能、改革管理機(jī)制、增強(qiáng)政府公信力;共同努力調(diào)整生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu),改善組織收入。
[Abstract]:The civil sports organization is the carrier of the mass participation in sports activities and communication, and plays a key role in the bridge between the government and the masses. In particular that high-speed development of the national economy and the promotion of the national fitness strategy, the civil sports organization has a significant increase in size and quantity, but overall development is still uneven. With the development of the urbanization in recent decades, the change of the living space of the folk sports organizations rooted in the local society, the changes of the system, the environment and the people's needs have brought challenges to the development of the folk sports, and the folk sports organizations must constantly make adjustments. And the requirement of objective development is solved. The dragon dance is a folk activity project of the Lantern Festival in Wuhan. The high dragon of the South Lake is the high-dragon of the South Lake community in the area of Cai, and is listed as the provincial non-material cultural heritage in 2013. In that context of the transformation of the south lake from the natural village to the community, its development still faces a serious challenge. This paper makes a historical analysis of the changes of the folk sports organizations of the high-dragon and the high-dragon in the South Lake by means of the methods of literature, interview, observation, induction and deduction, and finds out the development dilemma, and then seeks the governing path of the folk sports organizations. The conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) The existence of culture in the process of urbanization has changed in the process of urbanization. The function of the main body is changed from the original to the human nature; the expression of the dragon dance is difficult, the beauty and the new development; the mode of communication is developed by the folk oral legends to the Internet, the television and the like; the ritual flow with the mystique is developed towards the transparent; The traditional festival performance shows the value of body-building. (2) The study of the change of the folk sports organization of the high-dragon of the South Lake is divided into two stages:1. The recovery phase (1978 _ 1999), after the end of the cultural revolution, the revival of cultural activities;2. During the period of stable development (2000 _ to-present), the urbanization entered the rapid development stage, and the high-dragon organization of the South Lake started to change. (3) In the process of urbanization, the high-dragon of the South Lake is transformed from the single to the government, the society and the individual. The management mode of the high-dragon in the South Lake is changed from the management of the single village committee to the village committee of the Nanhu Village, the community of the South Lake, the Daji Street and the non-legacy center of the Caidian District; the source of the funds is from the self-financing of the Nanhu village to the village committee of the Nanhu Village, the market performance and the subsidy of the non-legacy center to raise the fund; The operating mechanism, from the absence of strict rules and regulations, relies on the cultural cohesion of the villages to carry out the activities to the clear development mechanism, including the establishment of the High Dragon Association, the protection mechanism of the Protection of the Non-material Cultural Heritage in Hubei Province, and the participation of the participating people on the scale of the organization. Only the villagers of Nanhu Village have developed to be less involved but open, and people with different villages can participate. (4) The social value of the high-dragon folk sports organizations in the process of urbanization is mainly the micro-promotion of the inheritance of the high-dragon living state of the South Lake and the promotion of the public cultural construction of the community; and the macro-compensation of the shortage of the government's cultural management. (5) According to the change of the high-dragon folk sports organizations in the process of urbanization, the future inheritance and development still faces the dilemma of the lack of professional management talents, the lack of productive development cost, the single development mechanism and the fuzziness of the supportability policy. in that end, it is suggested that the civil sports organization of the high dragon of the south lake and the government and the society should make a corresponding suggestion, and think that the governance of the high-dragon folk sports organization in the south lake need the self, the society and the government to make concerted efforts: to cultivate the self-consciousness of the high-dragon folk sports organization of the south lake from the own level, and to strengthen the talent construction, To stimulate the vitality of the society, to set up the benign operation of the society to the development of the culture from the social level, to cultivate the market mechanism and to expand the source of funds; to strengthen and practical "government guidance" functions from the government level, to reform the management mechanism and to strengthen the public credibility of the government; and to work together to adjust the production structure and improve the income of the organization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G812.17

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