發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-01 10:09

【摘要】：中國(guó)男子體操隊(duì)在經(jīng)歷了2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)和2012年倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)的巔峰輝煌后,在里約奧運(yùn)周期面臨著新老交替的過渡局面。年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員缺乏競(jìng)賽經(jīng)驗(yàn),并且對(duì)于國(guó)際男子競(jìng)技體操評(píng)分規(guī)則的不適應(yīng)而導(dǎo)致單個(gè)項(xiàng)目和團(tuán)體比賽的全面落敗,尤其是男子自由體操項(xiàng)目,在周期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的落寞和邊緣化值得深刻反思和總結(jié)。因此,探究當(dāng)今世界男子自由體操發(fā)展趨勢(shì)和方向,趕超其他國(guó)家,重回巔峰時(shí)刻,并有的放矢的備戰(zhàn)東京奧運(yùn)周期,顯得尤為重要。本文采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、錄像分析法、對(duì)比分析法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法和專家訪談法等研究方法,對(duì)2013年、2014年、2015年世界體操錦標(biāo)賽、2016年里約奧運(yùn)會(huì)四次國(guó)際體操大賽男子自由體操參加決賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成套動(dòng)作進(jìn)行分析,并結(jié)合國(guó)際男子競(jìng)技體操規(guī)則在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目上的變化特征,旨在探討當(dāng)今世界男子自由體操在評(píng)分規(guī)則、難度價(jià)值、完成質(zhì)量、成套編排等方面的發(fā)展特征,為男子自由體操項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展及運(yùn)動(dòng)員成套動(dòng)作選擇提供一定的理論參考。通過研究,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)規(guī)則對(duì)于男子自由體操項(xiàng)目的導(dǎo)向:動(dòng)作難度價(jià)值有下降幅的趨勢(shì),高難度的動(dòng)作數(shù)量有一定的增加,限制了部分動(dòng)作及動(dòng)作連接。(2)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的發(fā)展:日本體操運(yùn)動(dòng)員在該項(xiàng)目上將長(zhǎng)期保持著絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì);英國(guó)和美國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員未來將在該項(xiàng)目上保持一定競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力;韓國(guó)、西班牙等國(guó)家將緊跟第一梯隊(duì)國(guó)家;傳統(tǒng)體操?gòu)?qiáng)國(guó)俄羅斯仍有一定的水準(zhǔn),有望在下個(gè)周期中強(qiáng)勢(shì)反彈;中國(guó)和巴西男子體操隊(duì)面臨新老交替的局面,將在未來大賽中歷練新晉選手以培養(yǎng)該項(xiàng)目的優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(3)成套動(dòng)作難度價(jià)值的發(fā)展趨勢(shì):單個(gè)難度動(dòng)作依舊朝著高難化發(fā)展,其中向后空翻轉(zhuǎn)體動(dòng)作成為成套動(dòng)作難度提高的重要途徑,非技巧類動(dòng)作的數(shù)量和使用仍將保持穩(wěn)定;隨著連接價(jià)值的凸顯,動(dòng)作連接的方式呈現(xiàn)多元化、高難化。(4)成套編排模式的發(fā)展趨勢(shì):成套動(dòng)作編排中開場(chǎng)部分由單個(gè)E組及以上技巧動(dòng)作向高難化的兩連接的技巧動(dòng)作發(fā)展;2個(gè)二連接動(dòng)作組合+1個(gè)C組及以上非技巧動(dòng)作+單個(gè)高難度技巧動(dòng)作+E組向側(cè)或向后類技巧動(dòng)作成為中間部分的主流編排;結(jié)束部分還是以高難化的單個(gè)技巧動(dòng)作為主流,E組動(dòng)作有逐漸增多的趨向。
[Abstract]:After experiencing the glory of the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics, the Chinese men's gymnastics team is facing a transition between the old and the new in the Rio Olympic cycle. Young athletes lack competition experience, and are not adapted to the international men's competitive gymnastics scoring rules, resulting in the overall defeat of individual events and group competitions, especially men's floor exercise, the loneliness and marginalization in the cycle competition is worthy of deep reflection and summary. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the development trend and direction of men's floor exercise in the world, to catch up with other countries, to return to the peak, and to prepare for the Tokyo Olympic cycle. By using the methods of literature, video analysis, comparative analysis, mathematical statistics and expert interview, this paper analyzes the complete sets of movements of men's floor gymnastics participants in the 2013, 2014, 2015 World Gymnastics Championships and the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, and combines the changing characteristics of the international men's competitive gymnastics rules in this event. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development characteristics of men's floor exercise in the world in terms of scoring rules, difficulty value, completion quality, complete set arrangement and so on, so as to provide some theoretical reference for the development of men's floor exercise and the choice of athletes' complete sets of movements. Through the research, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the rules guide the men's floor exercise events: the value of movement difficulty has a downward trend, and the number of difficult movements has increased to a certain extent, which limits the development of some movements and movements. (2) the development of competitive pattern: Japanese gymnasts will maintain absolute advantage in this event for a long time; British and American athletes will maintain certain competitiveness in this event in the future; South Korea, Spain and other countries will follow the first echelon countries; Russia, a traditional gymnastics power, still has a certain level and is expected to rebound strongly in the next cycle. The Chinese and Brazilian men's gymnastics teams are facing the situation of alternation between the new and the old, and will experience the new athletes in the future competitions to train the excellent athletes in the event. (3) the development trend of the difficulty value of the complete set of movements: the single difficult movement is still developing towards the high difficulty, in which the backward somersault movement becomes an important way to improve the difficulty of the complete set of movements, and the number and use of the non-skilled movements will remain stable; With the prominent value of connection, the mode of action connection is diversified and difficult. (4) the development trend of complete set arrangement mode: the opening part of complete set action arrangement develops from single E group and above skill action to high difficulty two connection skill action; Two-connection action combinations 1 group C and above single difficult skill action group E became the mainstream arrangement of the middle part, and the end part still took the highly difficult single skill action as the mainstream, and the action in group E tended to increase gradually.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G832.1

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