【摘要】：研究目的:本文利用表面肌電,選取楊式太極拳中有代表性的動(dòng)作,如野馬分鬃、倒卷肱、云手。分別對太極拳多年練習(xí)者和太極拳初學(xué)者的腰腹部肌肉活動(dòng)的特征進(jìn)行測試,分析多年練習(xí)組與初學(xué)組存在的差異;同時(shí),研究多年練習(xí)太極拳運(yùn)動(dòng)者腰腹肌肉的活動(dòng)特征,將不同肌肉的積分肌電值、均方根值進(jìn)行對比,找出在運(yùn)動(dòng)過程中的各個(gè)肌肉群的放電特點(diǎn),為今后太極拳健身人群,在太極拳動(dòng)作的選取過程中提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究方法:從大學(xué)生中選取太極拳練習(xí)者共20人,其中太極拳多年練習(xí)者10人,初學(xué)者10人,采用6道便攜式無線遙測表面肌電測試系統(tǒng)和高速攝像設(shè)備,測試楊式太極拳中野馬分鬃、云手、倒卷肱三個(gè)典型動(dòng)作。運(yùn)用同步軟件和視頻對相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行積分肌電以及均方根的分析,數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果用IBM SPSS 19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。研究結(jié)果:(1)多年練習(xí)組野馬分鬃動(dòng)作,積分肌電值(肌肉放電量)高的為豎脊肌,其次是背闊肌、腹直肌,放電量最低的為腹外斜肌,左右兩側(cè)肌肉不存在顯著性差異;而初學(xué)組野馬分鬃動(dòng)作的左右背闊肌表現(xiàn)出明顯的不對稱性,左右腹直肌也存在顯著差異(p0.05),同時(shí),多年練習(xí)組與初學(xué)組的背闊肌放電量存在顯著性差異(p0.05)。(2)在練習(xí)云手動(dòng)作的過程中,多年練習(xí)組積分肌電值(肌肉放電量)最大的肌肉為左側(cè)背闊肌,放電量最低的肌肉為右側(cè)腹外斜肌。各腰腹肌肉在多年練習(xí)組與初學(xué)組中均不存在顯著性差異(3)倒卷肱動(dòng)作,多年練習(xí)組的左右腹直肌積分肌電值(肌肉放電量)均排在前列,且與初學(xué)組左右側(cè)腹直肌放電量存在顯著性差異,與此同時(shí),初學(xué)組左右腹直肌積分肌電值(肌肉放電量)差距也較大并存在顯著性差異(p0.05)。(4)無論是野馬分鬃、云手還是倒卷肱動(dòng)作,初學(xué)組各肌肉的放電持續(xù)時(shí)間與多年練習(xí)組相比,不具備顯著性差異,但初學(xué)組大部分肌肉的放電持續(xù)時(shí)間要長于多年練習(xí)組。(5)實(shí)驗(yàn)所選取的八塊肌肉中,無論是多年練習(xí)組還是初學(xué)組,三類動(dòng)作之中,積分肌電值(肌肉放電量)最大者是野馬分鬃,其次是倒卷肱,放電量最小的是云手。研究結(jié)論:(1)多年練習(xí)組野馬分鬃動(dòng)作,活動(dòng)程度最高的肌肉為豎脊肌,其次是背闊肌、腹直肌,放電量最低的為腹外斜肌。(2)多年練習(xí)組的云手動(dòng)作,各腰腹肌肉的放電特征相似,彼此之間不存在顯著差異(3)倒卷肱動(dòng)作初學(xué)者的左右腹直肌存在顯著性差異。(4)初學(xué)者的腰腹部肌肉的放電持續(xù)時(shí)間過長,即持續(xù)緊張時(shí)間長,由此可見,初學(xué)者的腰腹部用力方式不是很正確,導(dǎo)致動(dòng)作僵硬,動(dòng)作不夠舒適自如。故初學(xué)者在身體協(xié)調(diào)性以及控制腰部肌肉的能力方面還有待進(jìn)一步提高。(5)不同步法動(dòng)作腰腹部肌肉的“放電量”存在差異,其中進(jìn)步動(dòng)作“放電量”最大,橫移步“放電量”最小。即進(jìn)步動(dòng)作腰腹部肌肉的活動(dòng)最強(qiáng),橫移步動(dòng)作腰腹部肌肉的活動(dòng)最弱。
[Abstract]:Objective: by using surface electromyography (EMG), the representative movements of Yang Taijiquan, such as wild horse bristles, inverted brachial and Yunhand, were selected in this paper. The characteristics of waist and abdomen muscle activity of Taijiquan practitioners and Taijiquan beginners were tested respectively, and the differences between multi-year practice group and junior high school group were analyzed. At the same time, the movement characteristics of waist and abdomen muscles of Taijiquan athletes for many years were studied, the integral myoelectric values and root mean square values of different muscles were compared, and the discharge characteristics of each muscle group during exercise were found out, which provided scientific basis for Taijiquan fitness population in the process of selecting Taijiquan movements in the future. Methods: a total of 20 Taijiquan practitioners were selected from college students, including 10 Taijiquan practitioners and 10 beginners. Six portable wireless telemetry surface EMG test systems and high-speed camera equipment were used to test the three typical movements of wild horse in Yang Taijiquan. The integral EMG and root mean square were analyzed by synchronous software and video, and the data results were statistically analyzed by IBM SPSS 19.0. The results were as follows: (1) in the multi-year exercise group, the integral EMG (muscle discharge) was high in the vertical spinal muscle, followed by the latissimus dorsi muscle, rectus abdominis muscle, and the extraabdominal oblique muscle, and there was no significant difference between the left and right muscles. In the junior group, there was obvious asymmetry in the left and right latissimus dorsi muscles, and there was also significant difference in the left and right rectus abdominis muscles (p0.05). At the same time, there was a significant difference in the discharge quantity of the latissimus dorsi muscle between the multi-year practice group and the junior group (p0.05). (2). In the process of practicing the cloud hand movement, the muscle with the largest integral EMG (muscle discharge) was the left latissimus dorsi muscle. The muscle with the lowest discharge was the right extraabdominal oblique muscle. There was no significant difference between the lumbar and abdominal muscles in the multi-year practice group and the junior group (3) the integral myoelectric value (muscle discharge) of the left and right rectus abdominis muscle in the multi-year practice group was in the forefront, and there was a significant difference between the left and right rectus abdominis muscle discharge in the primary group. At the same time, the left and right rectus abdominis muscle discharge quantity in the multi-year practice group was significantly different from that in the primary group. There was also significant difference in the integral EMG value (muscle discharge) of the left and right rectus abdominis in the junior group (p0.05). (4). The discharge duration of the muscles in the primary group was not significantly different from that in the multi-year practice group, but the discharge duration of most of the muscles in the primary group was longer than that in the multi-year practice group. (5) of the eight muscles selected in the experiment, Whether in the multi-year practice group or in the junior group, the largest integral EMG (muscle discharge) was the wild horse bristle, followed by the inverted brachium, and the least discharge was the Yunhand. The conclusions were as follows: (1) in the multi-year exercise group, the muscles with the highest degree of activity were vertical spinal muscles, followed by latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominis, and oblique abdominis muscle. (2) in the multi-year practice group, the discharge characteristics of lumbar and abdominal muscles were similar. There was no significant difference between them. (3) there was significant difference in left and right rectus abdominis muscle of beginners with inverted brachial movement. (4) the discharge duration of lumbar and abdominal muscles of beginners was too long, that is to say, the duration of tension was long. Thus, it can be seen that the way of waist and abdomen force of beginners is not very correct, resulting in stiff movements and not comfortable and comfortable movements. Therefore, the early scholars need to be further improved in physical coordination and the ability to control lumbar muscles. (5) there are differences in the "discharge" of lumbar and abdominal muscles in different gait movements, in which the progressive action "discharge electricity" is the largest, and the horizontal step "discharge electricity" is the smallest. That is, the movement of lumbar and abdominal muscles is the strongest, and the movement of lumbar and abdominal muscles is the weakest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G852.11

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