【摘要】：在高水平足球比賽中,良好的體能基礎(chǔ)是運動員充分發(fā)揮技戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平的先決條件。我國職業(yè)足球聯(lián)賽水平較世界先進水平存在較大差距,比賽節(jié)奏慢,其中運動員的專項體能與世界一流水平運動員存在差距是重要原因之一。提高我國足球運動員的專項體能對提高我國足球運動員的整體水平具有重要意義。大強度間歇訓(xùn)練作為一種省時、簡易的體能訓(xùn)練方式,在提高自行車、跑步、鐵人三項等周期性項目運動員水平方面的作用已得到研究廣泛認可,但在非周期性項目中的應(yīng)用尚需研究進一步驗證,在提高足球運動員專項體能方面的作用也未有一致結(jié)論。本研究目的為通過對足球運動員進行大強度間歇訓(xùn)練干預(yù),觀察干預(yù)前后運動員各專項體能指標水平的變化,探索大強度間歇運動對足球運動員專項體能的影響。本研究以20名大學(xué)足球?qū)ｍ椖凶舆\動員為實驗對象,隨機均分為實驗組與對照組。實驗組接受大強度間歇訓(xùn)練干預(yù),持續(xù)10周,每周兩天,每天兩組,每組12次,每次持續(xù)15秒的全力沖刺跑訓(xùn)練,沖刺跑間歇為15秒,兩組間間歇為10分鐘;對照組在相同時間進行持續(xù)40分鐘的70%最大心率強度有氧訓(xùn)練。干預(yù)前、后對運動員專項體能指標進行測試。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),10周干預(yù)后實驗組運動員12分鐘跑、40 m沖刺跑、Yo Yo間歇跑、原地縱跳和Illinois靈敏性測試成績均顯著提高(P0.05);對照組干預(yù)后僅12分鐘跑和Yo Yo間歇跑成績顯著提高(P0.05)。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,可得出以下結(jié)論:(1)大強度間歇訓(xùn)練有助于足球運動員提高有氧能力、無氧能力、下肢爆發(fā)力和專項靈敏性。(2)相比于傳統(tǒng)中等強度、長時間的有氧耐力訓(xùn)練,大強度間歇訓(xùn)練在提高足球運動員專項體能方面更具有優(yōu)越性。(3)大強度間歇訓(xùn)練作為一種省時、有效的訓(xùn)練方式,對于賽程緊密的足球運動員在賽季中繼續(xù)提高專項體能水平具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:In the high level football match, the good physical fitness foundation is the prerequisite for the athlete to give full play to the technical and tactical level. There is a big gap between the level of professional football league in China and the advanced level in the world, and the rhythm of the game is slow, among which the gap between the special physical fitness of athletes and the first-class athletes in the world is one of the important reasons. It is of great significance to improve the special physical fitness of Chinese football players to improve the overall level of Chinese football players. As a time-saving and simple way of physical training, the role of high-intensity interval training in improving the level of cycling, running, triathlon and other periodic athletes has been widely recognized. However, the application in aperiodic events needs to be further verified, and there is no consistent conclusion on the role of football players in improving their special physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes of physical fitness indexes of football players before and after intervention through high intensity intermittent training intervention, and to explore the influence of high intensity intermittent sports on special physical fitness of football players. In this study, 20 male football players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received intensive intermittent training intervention for 10 weeks, two days a week, 12 times a day in each group, each time for 15 seconds of full sprint training, the interval of sprint was 15 seconds, and the interval between the two groups was 10 minutes. The control group underwent 70% maximum heart rate intensity aerobic training for 40 minutes at the same time. Before and after the intervention, the athletes' special physical fitness index was tested. The results showed that after 10 weeks of intervention, the athletes in the experimental group ran 12 minutes and 40 m sprint, Yo intermittent run, and the scores of in situ longitudinal jump and Illinois sensitivity test were significantly improved (P 0.05). After intervention, the performance of 12-minute running and Yo intermittent running in the control group was significantly improved (P 0.05). According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) High intensity intermittent training is helpful for football players to improve aerobic capacity, anoxic capacity, explosive power of lower extremities and special sensitivity. (2) compared with the traditional medium intensity, For a long time aerobic endurance training, high intensity intermittent training has more advantages in improving the special physical fitness of football players. (3) High intensity intermittent training is a time-saving and effective training method. It is of great significance for football players with close schedule to continue to improve their special physical fitness during the season.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843

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