【摘要】：定向運(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能在定向運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽中是非常重要的運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,運(yùn)動(dòng)員比賽的成績以及比賽時(shí)的發(fā)揮受到運(yùn)動(dòng)員識(shí)圖技能好壞的影響。目前我國定向運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練的隊(duì)伍和定向運(yùn)動(dòng)開展的單位,在識(shí)圖技能訓(xùn)練方法手段方面比較單一,而在國外的一些定向運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂部中,管理人員對(duì)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練、測試和數(shù)據(jù)收集分析,已經(jīng)進(jìn)入心理研究層次了,他們?cè)诒荣惡蠛陀?xùn)練后的數(shù)據(jù)收集分析更加完善和全面。通過對(duì)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)試圖技能的有效性研究目的在于從事定向運(yùn)動(dòng)的愛好者能夠?qū)Χㄏ蜻\(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能有更加深刻的認(rèn)識(shí),掌握并運(yùn)用識(shí)圖技能提高自身的技能水平,同時(shí)能夠?qū)Χㄏ蜻\(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能有更多創(chuàng)新型的技能訓(xùn)練方法,也能啟發(fā)更多的人投入到定向運(yùn)動(dòng)中來,能夠?qū)ψR(shí)圖技能有新的認(rèn)識(shí),對(duì)此項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)充滿興趣與熱愛。本研究采用文獻(xiàn)資料法、邏輯分析法、專家訪談法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法和實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比法,分析已有的訓(xùn)練方式方法和自創(chuàng)的訓(xùn)練手段,運(yùn)用新的訓(xùn)練方法和數(shù)據(jù)收集方法對(duì)在校的30名定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行測試。在這些訓(xùn)練方法運(yùn)用之前,他們以前沒有使用過這些方法來訓(xùn)練識(shí)圖技能,并對(duì)這些訓(xùn)練手段的有效性和合理性進(jìn)行判定,實(shí)驗(yàn)后得到以下結(jié)論:定向運(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能訓(xùn)練方法對(duì)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)員技能訓(xùn)練上更具有針對(duì)性。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能在訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候,需要針對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的某一專項(xiàng)能力,比如地圖比例尺運(yùn)用、百米定向訓(xùn)練運(yùn)動(dòng)員轉(zhuǎn)圖、打點(diǎn)連貫性、地圖記憶等進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能訓(xùn)練方法在運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練方法更具有多樣性。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)比賽項(xiàng)目分為:百米定向、短距離、中距離、積分賽和團(tuán)隊(duì)賽等多個(gè)不同的比賽項(xiàng)目。在比賽項(xiàng)目不同的情況下,訓(xùn)練也應(yīng)該使用不同的訓(xùn)練方法。在訓(xùn)練方面則不能一成不變的使用同一種方法來訓(xùn)練運(yùn)動(dòng)員。運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間也存在一定的差異性,對(duì)所有運(yùn)動(dòng)員都使用相同的訓(xùn)練手段。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)識(shí)圖技能訓(xùn)練方法的有效性研究判定出訓(xùn)練效果差異性。定向運(yùn)動(dòng)在識(shí)圖技能訓(xùn)練上面,訓(xùn)練隊(duì)之間的訓(xùn)練方法也不盡相同,而訓(xùn)練手段使用后的訓(xùn)練效果和訓(xùn)練手段方法是否有效,這個(gè)教練員不能直接評(píng)定,基本靠運(yùn)動(dòng)員自己在訓(xùn)練過程和比賽時(shí)的發(fā)揮來自我感覺以及比賽后的成績來判定。對(duì)于訓(xùn)練手段需要科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的使用,排除訓(xùn)練效果非常低和沒有什么效果的訓(xùn)練手段。比如,百米定向同一場地和同一張地圖路線的重復(fù)訓(xùn)練,隨著訓(xùn)練次數(shù)增加,運(yùn)動(dòng)員對(duì)全部檢查點(diǎn)和路線都非常熟悉了,在多次訓(xùn)練后運(yùn)動(dòng)員基本憑借之前跑的記憶就能完成尋找檢查點(diǎn),在訓(xùn)練時(shí)上面的效果非常小了,甚至于只是在練體能,而沒有達(dá)到技能訓(xùn)練的目的。通過對(duì)定向識(shí)圖技能的有效性研究表明對(duì)定向運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練要進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)收集、數(shù)據(jù)處理得出科學(xué)的理論依據(jù),使得訓(xùn)練方法更具有針對(duì)性。建議在從事定向運(yùn)動(dòng)的教練員應(yīng)該針對(duì)每位運(yùn)動(dòng)員都要有一套適合自己和運(yùn)動(dòng)員的數(shù)據(jù)收集處理系統(tǒng),對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員的訓(xùn)練效果有一個(gè)很好的掌控和了解,提高運(yùn)動(dòng)員的技能水平、挖掘運(yùn)動(dòng)員的運(yùn)動(dòng)潛力,以及完善自身的定向運(yùn)動(dòng)教學(xué)方式、人才選拔和訓(xùn)練方法。
[Abstract]:The directional movement identification skill is very important in the course of the directional movement, and the performance of the player's competition and the performance of the game are affected by the skill of the athletes. At present, the unit of the team and the directional movement of the directional movement training in China is relatively single in the method of identifying the skill training method, and in some of the foreign direct sports clubs, the management personnel carry out the training, test and data collection and analysis of the directional athletes, The level of psychological research has been entered, and their data collection and analysis after the game and after training are more complete and comprehensive. The aim of this study is to have a more profound understanding of the skills of the directional movement, and to master and apply the skill to improve the skill level. At the same time, it is possible to have more innovative skill training methods for directional movement identification skills, and can also inspire more people to input into the directional movement, and can have a new understanding of the skill of the figure, and is full of interest and love for this movement. This study uses the methods of documentation, logic analysis, expert interview, mathematical statistics and experiment to analyze the existing training methods and self-created training methods, and use the new training methods and data collection methods to test the 30 directional athletes in the school. Prior to the use of these training methods, they had not previously used these methods to train the identification skills and to make a decision on the effectiveness and rationality of these training measures, and the following conclusions were obtained after the experiment: The directional movement identification skill training method is more specific to the skill training of the directional athletes. In the course of training, the directional movement identification skills need to be specially trained for certain specific abilities of the athletes, such as the map scale application, the 100-meter orientation training athlete transfer map, the dot consistency, the map memory, and the like. The directional movement identification skill training method is more diversified in the athlete training method. The directional sports events are divided into a number of different events such as a 100-meter orientation, a short distance, a mid-distance, an integral race, and a team race. In the event of different events, the training should also use different training methods. In the training aspect, the same method can not be used to train the athletes. There is also a certain difference between the athletes, and the same training means are used for all the athletes. The difference of training effect was determined by the effectiveness of the method of directional movement identification. the training method between the training teams and the training method is different, and the coach can not directly assess whether the training effect and the training method are effective after the training method is used, It is determined by the athlete's self-feeling as well as the performance after the match at the time of the training process and the game. The training means require the use of a scientific system, with a very low training effect and no means of training. For example, the 100-meter orientation of the same site and the repeated training of the same map route, with the increase of the number of training, the athletes are very familiar with all the checkpoints and routes, and the athletes can complete the search for the checkpoints with the previously run memory after multiple training, The effect on training is very small, even in the exercise of physical ability, without the purpose of skill training. Through the study of the effectiveness of the directional movement training, it is shown that the training of the directional movement is to be collected by the system, and the data processing can obtain the scientific theoretical basis, so that the training method is more specific. It is suggested that the coaches who are engaged in the directional movement should have a set of data collection and processing systems which are suitable for themselves and athletes for each player, have a good control and understanding of the training effect of the athletes, improve the skill level of the athletes, and tap the sports potential of the athletes, And perfect its own teaching method, talent selection and training method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G826

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