【摘要】：本研究從難度動(dòng)作水平切入,采用文獻(xiàn)資料、錄像觀察、專家訪談、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)和邏輯分析等方法,對(duì)里約奧運(yùn)周期第45、46屆世界體操世錦賽、第31屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)單杠決賽國(guó)外運(yùn)動(dòng)員和中國(guó)男團(tuán)決賽運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成套難度動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,找出我國(guó)單杠發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題,并提出解決辦法,為我國(guó)單杠的訓(xùn)練提供信息參考。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析、邏輯推理和歸納總結(jié)得出以下結(jié)論:(1)關(guān)于2013版男子競(jìng)技體操評(píng)分規(guī)則單杠的主要變化,1)難度數(shù)量方面:由122個(gè)增加到了144個(gè),其中飛行動(dòng)作增加了4個(gè),扭臂握及背對(duì)杠完成的動(dòng)作減少了2個(gè)。2)連接加分變化方面:增加了飛行動(dòng)作(C+C)0.1分的直接連接,杠上動(dòng)作(D組及以上)+飛行動(dòng)作(D組及以上)連接加分由0.2減至0.1分,增加了杠上動(dòng)作(D組及以上)+飛行動(dòng)作(C)0.1的加分。3)特殊扣分變化方面:限制運(yùn)動(dòng)員使用中穿類動(dòng)作次數(shù),超過(guò)2次所完成的該類第2個(gè)動(dòng)作將被視為無(wú)效且面臨0.3-0.5的扣分。(2)關(guān)于中外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員單杠成套結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)比分析,國(guó)外頂尖單杠優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的動(dòng)作編排主要體現(xiàn)于高難飛行動(dòng)作之間的直接連接;我國(guó)頂尖單杠優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員的成套動(dòng)作編排緊緊圍繞“杠上+飛行”連接加分模式展開,鮮有大空翻的編排,沒(méi)有飛行動(dòng)作之間的直接連接,動(dòng)作難度適中。中外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員下法差別不大,以后直2周轉(zhuǎn)體720°為主。(3)關(guān)于中外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員難度水平對(duì)比,1)單個(gè)難度方面:懸垂擺動(dòng)動(dòng)作難度我國(guó)處于領(lǐng)先;飛行動(dòng)作難度水平我國(guó)明顯低于國(guó)外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員;近杠動(dòng)作和下法難度中外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員水平相當(dāng);扭臂握或后懸垂及背對(duì)杠完成的動(dòng)作中外水平相當(dāng)。2)連接技術(shù)對(duì)比方面:“杠上+飛行”中外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員水平相當(dāng);“飛行+飛行”中國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員水平明顯低于國(guó)外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員;“飛行+杠上”中外發(fā)展水平都比較低。3)最高10個(gè)有效難度動(dòng)作整體水平我國(guó)優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員要高于國(guó)外優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員。(4)動(dòng)作難度水平世界領(lǐng)先,“杠上+飛行”連接富有創(chuàng)新;單個(gè)飛行動(dòng)作難度較低,“飛行+飛行”連接發(fā)展明顯滯后。由此提出以下建議:(1)教練員和運(yùn)動(dòng)員從規(guī)則入手,加大對(duì)規(guī)則的研究力度。(2)發(fā)展E組以上飛行動(dòng)作及連接,既能提高單杠的整體難度分,還能促進(jìn)“飛行+飛行”連接技術(shù)的發(fā)展和我國(guó)單杠項(xiàng)目水平的提高。(3)提升高難動(dòng)作的科學(xué)化訓(xùn)練水平,積極引進(jìn)國(guó)外先進(jìn)的訓(xùn)練方法和手段。
[Abstract]:Using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interview, mathematical statistics and logical analysis, the 45th and 46th World Gymnastics World Championships in Rio Olympic cycle were studied in this study, using the methods of literature, video observation, expert interviews, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. The difficulty movements of foreign athletes and Chinese men's team finalists in the 31st Olympic Games are compared and analyzed, the problems faced by the development of Chinese parallel bars are found out, and the solutions are put forward to provide information reference for the training of Chinese parallel bars. Through comparative analysis, logical reasoning and summing up the following conclusions: (1) on the 2013 edition of the men's competitive gymnastics scoring rules of the main changes in parallel bars, 1) the number of difficulties: from 122to 144, Among them, the flight movement increased by 4, the twist arm grip and the back-to-back bar reduced by 2. 2) the connection plus change aspect: increased the direct connection of the flight action (C C) 0.1 points, Upper bar movement (group D and above) flying action (group D and above) join plus point reduced from 0.2 to 0.1 points, The addition of the flying action (C) 0.1 on the bar (group D and above) has been increased. 3) the change of special deduction points: limiting the number of times of the athletes' use of the middle-and-through-class movement; The second action, which has been completed more than two times, will be considered invalid and will face a 0.3-0.5 deduction. (2) A comparative analysis of the complete set of Chinese and foreign elite athletes' horizontal bars. The movement arrangement of the top foreign elite horizontal bar athletes is mainly reflected in the direct connection between the high difficulty flight movements; The complete set of movement arrangement of elite athletes of our country's top horizontal bars closely revolves around the "flying on the bar" connection plus score mode, few of them have the arrangement of large somersault, there is no direct connection between the flying movements, and the movement difficulty is moderate. There is little difference between Chinese and foreign elite athletes in the following way. (3) on the comparison of the difficulty level between Chinese and foreign elite athletes, 1) single difficulty aspect: our country is in the leading position in the difficulty of dangling swing movement; The difficulty level of flying movement in our country is obviously lower than that of foreign elite athletes, and the level of near bar movement is the same as that of Chinese and foreign elite athletes. Twist arm grip or rear drape and back-to-back bar complete the same Chinese and foreign level of action. 2) connection technology comparison: "flying on the bar" the level of outstanding athletes at home and abroad is the same; The level of "flying" Chinese elite athletes is obviously lower than that of foreign excellent athletes; The development level of "flying bars" is relatively low at home and abroad. 3) the overall level of the highest 10 effective difficult movements is higher than that of foreign elite athletes. (4) the level of movement difficulty is leading in the world. The "flying on the bar" connection is innovative; The difficulty of single flight movement is low, and the development of "flying flight" connection is obviously lagged behind. The following suggestions are put forward: (1) starting with the rules, the coaches and athletes should strengthen the study of the rules. (2) the development of flying movements and connections above group E can not only improve the overall difficulty score of the parallel bars, but also improve the overall difficulty score of the horizontal bars. It can also promote the development of the "flying flight" connection technology and the improvement of the horizontal bar project level in our country. (3) raise the scientific training level of high difficulty movement, and actively introduce advanced training methods and means from abroad.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G832.3

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